Photoceramics
As photo ceramic or Photo ceramic is referred to photographic images, on which porcelain , enamel , glass , metal have been burned or the like.
techniques
The dusting process was probably the first technique with which photos (monochrome) were burned into ceramic or porcelain. In the meantime, photos as well as texts, graphics and logos are transmitted using various techniques. The ceramic is not printed directly, but the graphic or photo is transferred via a carrier film (decal).
The different printing techniques today are:
Screen printing and gravure printing
The number of colors and the grid size determine the quality. Because of the high costs for lithography and the setup of the individual colors, these techniques only pay for themselves with large print runs.
Digital printing
Today the decals are printed digitally. This technique developed in the southern regions (e.g. Italy). It was and is still a tradition there to provide the tomb with a porcelain picture of the deceased.
Today, serial ceramics and porcelain as well as individual cups, plates, tiles, tiles or art objects can be decorated with ceramic using digital printing.
authenticity
Ceramic objects are often printed with thermally reactive inks using sublimation printing or a 2-component process. These colors are made of plastic and not ceramic .
A ceramic print is only "ceramic" if the color consists of oxides or ceramic pigments and is burned into the glaze at at least 600 ° C (usually over 900 ° C) . This technique has its weaknesses in the color fidelity, especially with bright red and orange tones, since these color bodies are not resistant enough at very high temperatures.
literature
- Julius Krueger: The photo-ceramic, which is the art photograpbische images on porcelain, enamel, glass, etc. bake . Vienna 1879.
- Alfred Korzeniowski: The technical basics of photoceramics. Enamel and porcelain photography . Lindemanns Verlag, Stuttgart 1996.
- J. Husnik: The entire field of collotype printing and enamel photography. 5th edition, completely revised and supplemented by Reg.-Rat Prof. August Albert, Hartlebens Verlag, Vienna and Leipzig, 1922