Pictish Chronicle

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Pictish Chronicle is a name that has often been attributed by (especially older) historians to a pseudo-historical representation of the kings of the Picts . It began many thousands of years before history was recorded in Pictland and ended after Pictland was annexed to Scotland.

The original manuscript (albeit lost) appears to be from the early years of the reign of Kenneth II of Scotland (971-995), as he is the last-mentioned king and the chronicler did not know the length of his reign. Everything but the king list survived only through the Poppleton manuscript , which dates back to the 14th century.

In fact, there are several versions of the Pictish Chronicle.

The so-called A-Text is probably the oldest, the most complete, and seems to have fewer errors than other versions. It consists of three parts:

1. An account of the origin of the Picts , mostly from books 9 and 14 of the Etymologies of Isidore of Seville (560–636). It is quite confusing and mostly irrelevant to Scottish history: In ancient times there were two peoples, the Albanians and the Iberians , who lived in the Caucasus. Later geographers confused the Albanians with the Albany (i.e. the Scots) and the Iberians with the Hibernians (in Spain).

2. A list of the kings of the Picts from the earliest times to the conquest by Kenneth I (848–858) in the 9th century.

3. Occasionally included is the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba , a list of kings from the United Kingdom of the Picts and Scots up to the reign of Kenneth II (971–995), with some notes of events during each reign.

It is obvious that the last two paragraphs were originally written in Gaelic as some Gaelic words were not translated into Latin .

The following text of the Picts Chronicle is based on William Forbes Skene (1809-1892), Chronicles of the Picts and Scots (1867), but has been adapted in some places. Some notes are added in footnotes to explain the text and also information about some of the Pictish kings, especially data from Irish sources such as the Annals of Ulster (AU) and the Annals of Tigernach (AT).

German translation of the "Chronica de origine antiquorum Pictorum" (A-Text)

Translated by Klaus Herrmann

1.Report on the origin of the Picts :

The Picts get their name in their own language from their painted bodies; this is because, by using sharp iron tools and ink, they are marked with tattoos of various shapes. The Scots, now mistakenly called Irish, are (in a sense) Scythians because they came from the Scythian region and had their origin there; or they take their name from Scotta, daughter of Pharaoh king of Egypt, who, as the story goes, was Queen of Scots. It is known as a fact that the British came to Britain in the third age of the world. The Scythians, however, that is the Scots, took possession of Scotland or Ireland in the fourth age.

The Scythians are born with white hair due to the constant snow; and the color of the same hair gives people a name, and hence they are called Albanians: from them the Scots and Picts derive their origin. There is a bright, that is, colored, pupil in their eyes of such a size that they can see better at night than during the day. In addition, the Albanians were neighbors of the Amazons. It is believed that the Goths are named after Magog, son of Japheth, because of the similarity of the final syllable; they that the ancient Greeks called Getens instead of Goths. They were a brave and very powerful race, proud, with powerful bodies, and defeated terror with their kind of armor. Lucan wrote about her:

'Let the Dacians push from this side, let the Geten attack the Spaniards on the other side.'

The Dacians, however, were descendants of the Goths: and it is believed that they are called Dacians, or perhaps Dager, because they are derived from the family tree of the Goths: about them he wrote:

'You will go all the way north to the Dacians'.

The Scythians and Goths derive their origin from Magog. Scythia and Gotia are said to be named after the same Magog, son of Japheth: his country was once huge, because it stretched from India in the east to the north, through the marshland of Meotidas, between the Danube and the sea, to the borders of Germania. It then shrank from the part of the east where the Siricus Ocean begins to the Caspian Sea, which lies to the west. From there in the south a region fell away to close to the Caucasus Mountains, where Hircania lies below in the west: it possessed at the same time many tribes that migrated far away due to the sterility of the land, some of which cultivated the land while others unnatural and lived as savages, of the flesh and blood of man.

Many regions of Scythia are lush, but many are uninhabitable. Because while gold and gemstones are abundant in most places, people rarely go there because of the horror of the Griffins. However, this is the source of the very best emeralds. Scythia also has dark blue stones [lapis lazuli?] And the purest crystals. There are also major rivers, the Oscorim, Phasis and Araxes. Lower Scythia is the first region in Europe to stretch from the marshes of Meotidis, starting between the Danube and the northern ocean, to Germania: this land is usually said to be barbaric because of the wild tribes that inhabit it. The first part of it is Alania, which extends all the way to the Meotidas swamps. Then comes Dacia, where Gotien is also located. Then Germania, where the Suebi inhabit a very large area. In some regions of Asian Scythia there are people who believe they are descendants of Jason: they are born with white hair because of the constant snow. That's enough about these things.

2. List of kings of the Picts :

Cruidne, the son of Cinge, father of the Picts, who lived on this island, ruled for 100 years. He had seven sons. These are their names: Fib, Fidach, Floclaid, Fortrenn, Got, Ce, Circinn.
Circin ruled 40
Fidach 40
Fortrenn 70
Floclaid 30
Got 12
Ce 15
Fibaid 24
Gede olgudach 80
Denbecan [or Oenbecan] 100
Olfinecta 60
Guidid gaed brechach 50
Gest gurcich 40
Wurgest 30
Brude bont, from whom to 30 brother Ireland and Albany for the period of Ruled for 150 years, ruled himself for 48 years. They were:
Brude pant. Brude urpant. Brude Leo. Brude uleo.
Brude gant. Brude urgant. Brude Gnith. Brude urgnith.
Brude fecir. Brude urfecir. Brude cal. Brude urcal.
Brude cint. Brude urcint. Brude fet. Brude urfet.
Brother u. Brude eru. Brude gart et urgart.
Brude cinid. Brude urcnid. Brude uip. Brude uruip.
Brude grid. Brude urgrid. Brude mouth. Brude urmund.
Gilgidi ruled for 150 years.
Tharain 100 years
Morleo 15
Deocilunon 40
Cimoiod, son of Arcois 7
Deoord 50
Bliesbltituth 5
Dectotric, brother of Diu 40
Usconbuts 30
Carvorst 40
Deo Ardivois 20
Vist 50
Ru 100
Gartnaith loc himself, from whom 3 Garnarts ruled, ruled for 9 years.
Breth, son of Buthut, 7.
Vipoig namet ruled for 30 years.
Canutulachama ruled for 4 years.
Vuradech vecla ruled for 2 years.
Gartnait diuberr ruled for 40 years.
Talorc, son of Achivir, ruled for 75 years.
Drust, son of Erp, ruled for 100 years and fought 100 battles; in the 19th year of his reign, St. Patrick the Bishop came to the island of Ireland.
Talorc, son of Aniel, ruled for 4 years.
Necton morbet, the son of Erip, ruled for 24 years. In the third year of his reign, Darlugdach, Abbess of Kildare, went into exile from Ireland to Britain for Christ's sake. In the second year after their arrival, Necton consecrated Abernethy to God and Saint Brigit in the presence of Darlugdach, who sang the Alleluia over this offer.
And so Necton the Great, son of Wirp, king of all the Pictish provinces, offered Abernethy to Saint Brigid until Judgment Day, along with his territories, which stretched from the stone in Apurfeirt to the stone at Ceirfuill, d. H. Lethfoss, and from there to higher elevations as far as Athan. This is the reason for his donation. Necton, who lived in exile after his brother Drust drove him out, went all the way to Ireland and asked Saint Brigid to make a request to God on his behalf. When she prayed for him, however, she said: 'When you return to your homeland, the Lord will have mercy on you: you will take over the kingdom of the Picts in peace.'
Drest Gurthinmoch ruled for 30 years.
Galanan Erilich ruled for 12 years.
Two Drest, that is, Drest, the son of Girom, and Drest, the son of Vudrost, ruled together for 5 years.
Drest, the son of Girom, ruled alone for 5 years.
Gartnart, son of Girom, ruled for 7 years.
Cailtram, son of Girom, ruled for 1 year.
Talorc, son of Muircholaich, ruled for 11 years.
Drest, son of Munait, ruled for 1 year.
Galam cennaleph, ruled for 1 year.
With Brude for 1 year.
Brude, the son of Mailcon, ruled for 30 years. In the eighth year of his reign he was baptized by St. Columban.
Gartnart, son of Dolmech, ruled for 11 years.
Nechtan, grandson of Uerb, ruled for 20 years.
Kenneth, son of Lutrin, ruled for 19 years.
Gartnart, son of Wid, ruled for 4 years.
Brude, son of Wid, ruled for 5 years.
Talorc, their brother, ruled for 12 years.
Talorcan, son of Eanfrith, ruled for 4 years.
Gartnait, Donald's son, ruled for six and a half years.
Drest, his brother, ruled for 7 years.
Brude, son of Beli, ruled for 21 years.
Tarain, son of Entfidich, ruled for 4 years.
Brude, son of Derelei, ruled for 11 years.
Nechtan, son of Derelei, ruled for 15 years.
Drest and Alpín ruled together for 5 years.
Óengus, son of Fergus, ruled for 30 years.
Brude, son of Fergus, ruled for 2 years.
Kenneth, son of Vuredech, ruled for 12 years.
Elpin, son of Vuroid, ruled for three and a half years.
Drest, son of Talorcan, ruled for 4 or 5 years.
Talorcan, son of Óengus, ruled for 2½ years. Conall, son of Tarla, ruled for 5 years.
Constantine, son of Fergus, ruled for 35 years.
Óengus, son of Fergus, ruled for 12 years.
Drest, son of Constantine, and Talorcan, son of Vuthoil, ruled together for 3 years.
Owen, son of Óengus, ruled for 3 years.
Vurad, son of Bargoit, ruled for 3 years and Bred for a year.
Kenneth, son of Vurad - 1 year
Brude, son of Vuthoil - 2 years
Drust, son of Vurad - 3 years

3. Chronicle of the kings of Alba :

And so Kenneth, the son of Alpín, the most outstanding of the Scots, ruled the Piktland successfully for 16 years. However, the Pictland was named after the Picts, which, as we said, Kenneth destroyed. For God deigned them to punish them for the guilt of their wickedness, to alienate themselves from their inheritance and to become indifferent because they not only despised the Lord's worship and duties, but were also unwilling, according to the law of To apply equally to impartiality towards others. In fact, two years before coming to Pictland, he took over the Kingdom of Dalriada. In the seventh year of his reign he transferred the bones of St. Columban to the church he built, and he attacked Saxony six times; and he had Dunbar burn down and take Melrose. But the British burned Dunblane and the Danes ravaged the Pictland as far as Clunie and Dunkeld. Finally, before the Ides of February, on the 3rd day of the week, he died of a tumor in the palace of Forteviot.
Donald, his brother, held the same kingdom for 4 years. In his time the Gael created the rights and laws of the kingdom of Áed, son of Eochaid, with their own king in Forteviot. He died on the Ides of April in the palace of Cinn Belachior.
Constantine, the son of Kenneth, ruled for 16 years. During his first year, Máel Sechnaill, King of the Irish, died; and Áed, Niall's son, took over his kingdom; and after two years Olaf and his strangers ravaged the Pictland and stayed there from the calendar of January until the feast of St. Patrick. Also in the third year, while drawing tribute, Olaf was killed by Constantine. In his fourteenth year, shortly after a battle over dollars was fought between the Danes and the Scots, the Scots were annihilated at Atholl. The Normans spent a whole year in Pictland.
Áedh held the throne for 1 year. The brevity of his reign has left nothing memorable in history; but he was killed in the city of Nrurim.
On the other hand, Eochaid, the son of Rhun, the King of the British, grandson of Kenneth, ruled his daughter for 11 years. However, others report that Giric, the son of (?), Ruled at this time because he became a teacher and "first minister" of Eochaids. In his second year, Áed, Niall's son, died; and in his ninth year, exactly on the day of St. Ciricius, there was a solar eclipse. At that time Eochaid was thrown out of the kingdom together with his 'foster son'.
Donald, the son of Constantine, sat on the throne for 11 years. At that time the Normans ravaged the Pictland. During his reign he fought a battle at Innisibsolian between the Danes and the Scots: the Scots were the victor. Dunottar was destroyed by the strangers.
Constantine, the son of Áed, held the throne for 40 years. In his third year, the Normans raided Dunkeld and all of Alba. The following year, however, the Normans were defeated at Strathearn, and in his sixth year King Constantine and Bishop Cellach swore the laws and teachings of the faith, and the rights of the churches, on the Hill of Faith, near the royal city of Scone To protect Gospels in the same way with the Scots. The hill owes its name to this day, i. H. the 'Hill of Credulity'. And in his eighth year the most distinguished king and archbishop of the Irish among the Laigin, d. H. Cormac, the son of Cuilennán. Donald, King of the British, and Donald, son of Áed, King of Ailech died there during his reign; and Flann, son of Máel Sechnaill, died, and Niall, son of Áed, who ruled after Flann for 3 years, etc.
In his 18th year there was a battle between Constantine and Rægnald at Tinemore and the Scots won. In his 34th year the battle of Duinbrunde took place, in which the son of Constantine was killed. And after a year, Dubucan, the son of Indrechtaig, Mormaer of Angus, died. Æthelstan, the son of Edward, King of the Saxons, and Eochaid, the son of Alpín, died. And frail in his old age, he took the staff and became loyal to the Lord: and he entrusted the kingdom to Malcolm son of Donald.
Malcolm, Donald's son, ruled for 11 years. With his army he advanced on Moray and killed Cellach. In the 7th year of his rule he attacked the English up to the river Tees and seized a large number of people and many herds of cattle: the Scots called this robbery the 'robbery of the Albidi' or 'the Nainndisi'. Others say, however, that Constantine carried out this attack and that the king, d. H. Malcolm, demands that he give him command of the army for a week so that he can visit the English. In all of this, the truth is that it was not Malcolm who perpetrated the attack, but, as I said, it was Constantine who instigated it. Constantine, however, died in the 10th year of reign (from Malcolm) under the crown of repentance in good old age. And the people of Mearns killed Malcolm in Fodresach, which is in Claideom.
Indulf occupied the throne for eight years. In his day Edinburgh was evacuated and the Scots have left it to this day. A Viking fleet was destroyed by Buchan
. Niger, the son of Malcolm, ruled for 5 years. Bishop Fothach was laid to rest. There was a battle between Niger and Caniculus above Crup Ridge, in which Niger won, in which Duncan, Abbot of Dunkeld, and Dubdon, Governor of Atholl, both fell. Niger was driven from the throne, and Caniculus held it for a short time. Donald, the son of Cairill, died.
Cuilén ruled for 5 years. Marcan, the son of Breodalaig, was killed in St. Michael's Church. Leot and Sluagadach were left to Rome. Bishop Máel Brigte was resting. Cellach, the son of Ferdalaig, ruled. Máel Brigte, the son of Dubican, died. Cuilén and his brother Eochaid were killed by the British.
Kenneth, the son of Malcolm, ruled for [...] years. He raided parts of Britain on a regular basis. Kenneth's infantry were wiped out with the greatest slaughter in Moin Vacornar. The Scots sacked Saxons as far as Stainmore, and Cluiam, and Stangna Dera'm. Kenneth, however, fortified the banks of the fords at Forthin. A year later, Kenneth went and attacked Saxony, and brought the son of the King of Saxony back as a prisoner. It was he who gave the great city of Brechin to the Lord.

Remarks

1. ↑ The German translation of the Picts Chronicle comes from the Latin version of the book "William Forbes Skene, Chronicles of the Picts and Scots", published in 1867, pp. 1ff.
2. ↑ The third age lasted from Abraham to David.
3. ↑ The fourth age lasted from David to Daniel.
4. ↑ The ancient Albanians lived where Azerbaijan is today.
5. ↑ Gen 10.2
6. ↑ In fact, there is no relationship between the Getes (a Dakic tribe) and the Goths. Countless ancient historians have confused this.
7. ↑ From: Lukan, Civil War 2,54: This is from a poem about the war between Caesar and Pompey.
8. ↑ Although the context suggests that this is also from Lukan, this is not the case.
9. ↑ The Sea of ​​Azov.
10. ↑ The southern end of the Caspian Sea.
11. ↑ Legendary creature with the body, tail and hind legs of a lion, the head and wings of an eagle and the claws of an eagle as forepaws.
12. ↑ In Georgia.
13. ↑ In Georgia.
14. ↑ On the border between Iran and Azerbaijan.
15. ↑ The Sea of ​​Azov.
16. ↑ The Alans lived between the Volga, Don and the Caucasus.
17. ↑ The Suebi were a Germanic tribe who gave their name to the Swabians, although some of them emigrated to Spain, where Isidore of Seville lived.
18. ↑ Or rather Cruithne, the Gaelic word for "Picts".
19. ↑ These are, in fact, the names of seven provinces of the Picts.
20. ↑ It is found that there were 28 brothers, not 30.
21. ↑ 312-342
22. ↑ 342-345
23. ↑ 345-347
24. ↑ 347-387
25. ↑ Talorc mac Achiuir, Talorc I (387-412).
26. ↑ Drest I (412-452).
27. ↑ Saint Patrick arrived in 432.
28. ↑ Talorc mac Aniel, Talorc II. (452-456).
29. ^ Nechtan mac Erp, Nechtan I. (456-480).
30. ↑ Nechtan mac Erp.
31. ↑ Brigit of Kildare (470-526).
32. ^ Nechtan mac Erp, Nechtan I. (456-480).
33. ↑ This whole story is not temporally possible, because when counting the lengths of the reigns it is dated back to the past before the time of St. Brigid. It probably happened to a later Nechtan (see below). The fact that this story was inserted into the Chronicle suggests that it was originally written in Abernethy.
34. ↑ Drest II (480-510).
35. ↑ Galam Erilich (510-522).
36. ↑ Drest mac Girom, Drest IV. (522-531).
37. ↑ Drest mac Uudrost, Drest III. (522-530).
38. ↑ Drest mac Girom, Drest IV. (522-531).
39. ↑ Gartnait mac Girom (531-537).
40. ↑ Cailtram mac Girom (537-538).
41. ↑ Talorc mac Murtolic (538-549).
42. ↑ Drest mac Manath (549-550).
43. ↑ Galam Cennalath, first historical king (550-555).
44. ↑ It is reported that 'Cennalaph' died in the year 580 (AU 580.3).
45. ↑ Bridei mac Maelchon (554-555).
46. ↑ Bridei mac Maelchon, Bridei I. (554-584).
47. ↑ According to Bede, Columban arrived in Scotland in 565, the ninth year of his brother's reign. Mailcon may have been the Maelgwn who ruled Gwynedd, condemned by Gildas, and who died in 547. Brude died in 584 (AU 584.3).
48. ↑ Gartnait mac Domelch, Gartnait II. (584-595).
49. ↑ He died around 597 (AT 597.2).
50. ↑ Nechtan nepos Uerb, Nechtan II. (595-616). Possibly the Nechtan, the son of Cano, who died in 621 (AT 621.3).
51. ↑ Cinioch mac Lutrin (616-631).
52. ↑ Died 634 (AT 634.2).
53. ↑ Gartnait mac UUID Gartnait III. (631-635).
54. ↑ Died 635 (AU 635.6).
55. ↑ Bridei mac Uuid, Bridei II. (635-641).
56. ↑ Deceased in 642 (AT 642.2).
57. ↑ Talorc mac Uuid, Talorc III. (642-653).
58. ↑ Died 653 (AU 653.1).
59. ↑ Talorgan mac Eanfrith, Talorgan I. (653-657).
60. ↑ Fought against Dalriada in 654 (AT 654.4). Was deceased in 657 (AU 657.3). Eanfrith was King of Bernicia (632-633).
61. ^ Gartnait mac Donnel, Gartnait IV. (657-663).
62. ↑ 663 died (AU 663.3).
63. ↑ Drest mac Donnel, Drest VI. (663-672).
64. ↑ 672 distributed (AU 672.6).
65. ↑ Bridei mac Bili, Bridei III. (672-693).
66. ↑ He attacked the Orkney Islands in 682 (AU 682.4) and defeated a Northumbrian invasion, led by Ecgfrith, on May 20, 685 near Nechtanesmere (near Forfar) (AU 686.1). Beli is said to have been the King of Strathclyde. Brude died in 693 (AU 693.1).
67. ↑ Taran mac Ainftech (693-697).
68. ↑ 697 he was expelled (AU 697.1) and went to Ireland.
69. ↑ Bridei mac Der-Ilei, Bridei IV. (697-706).
70. ↑ Passed away 706 (AU 706.2).
71. ↑ Nechtan mac Derile, Nechtan III. (706-724).
72. ↑ Other lists give a government length of 18 years, which is more fitting. Abdicated to go to a monastery (AT 724.2) in 724, was imprisoned by Drest in 726 (AU 726.1), returned in 728 (see below) and 732 died (AT 732.7).
73. ↑ Drest VII. (724-726).
74. ↑ Alpín mac Eochaidh, Alpin I. (726-728).
75. ↑ According to the Irish annals, Drest ruled from 724 to 726 before being expelled by Alpín (AT 726.4). In 727 Drest tried to regain the crown by sparking a civil war between him, Alpín, Óengus (below) and Nechtan (AU 728.4). Óengus won in 729 (AU 729.2), Drest was killed in the battle (AU 729.3).
76. ↑ Óengus I, Óengus mac Fergusa (728 and 729-761).
77. ↑ [736 he invaded Dalriada with his brother Talorcan (AU 736.1 & AU 736.2) and conquered it in 741 (AU 741.10). He attacked 744 Strathclyde. In 750, however, he lost another battle against Strathclyde, in which his brother Talorcan and his son were killed (AT 750.4). After that he seems to have lost control of Dalriada. Óengus died in 761 (AU 761.4).
78. ^ Bridei mac Fergus, Bridei V. (761-763).
79. ↑ Death in 763 (AU 763.10).
80. ↑ Ciniod mac Uuredech (763-775).
81. ↑ 768 the Piktland was attacked by Áed Find von Dalriada (AU 768.7). He died in 775 (AU 775.1).
82. ↑ Alpín mac Uuroid, Alpín II. (775-778).
83. ↑ Probably died in 780; the Ulster annals call him King of the Saxons, although no Saxon king of this name is known (AU 780.5).
84. ↑ Drest mac Talorgan, Drest VIII. (782-783).
85. ↑ Other lists give Drest 1 year, and add after him a Talorcan, son of Drest [Talorc mac Drest, Talorc IV. (778-782)], who ruled for 4 or 5 years. A Dub Tholarg (i.e. Black Talorc), King of the Picts, is believed to have died in 782 (AU 782.1).
86. ↑ Talorc mac Onuist, Talorc V. (783-785).
87. ↑ Conall mac Taidg (785-789).
88. ↑ [Probably the same as Conall, son of Tadg, who fled after losing a battle against Constantine 789 (AU 789.11). He was later king of Dalriada and in 807 by Conall, son of Áedán, killed (AU 807.3).
89. ^ Caustantín mac Fergus (789-820).
90. ↑ He was probably the son of Fergus, who ruled Dalriada from 778 to 781. Constantine himself followed in Dalriada in 811. Died 820 (AU 820.3).
91. ↑ Óengus mac Fergusa, Óengus II. (820-834).
92. ↑ Also King of Dalriada. 834 died (AU 834.1).
93. ^ Drest mac Caustantín, Drest IX. (834-837).
94. ↑ Talorc mac Wthoil (834-837).
95. ↑ Eóganan mac Óengusa (837-839).
96. ↑ Killed in a great battle against the Vikings in 839 (AU 839.9).
97. ↑ Uurad mac Bargoit (839-842).
98. ↑ Bridei mac Uruad, Bridei VI., Brude VI. (842-843).
99. ↑ Other lists add 3 more subsequent kings.
100. ↑ Ciniod II, Kenneth mac Ferat (843).
101. ^ Bridei VII., Bridei mac Uuthoi (843-845).
102. ^ Drest X., Drest mac Uurad (845-848). It appears that Kenneth mac Alpín [Cináed mac Ailpín, Kenneth I (848-858)] conquered most of the Pictland around 843, but these three (Ciniod II, Bridei VII and Drest X) ruled for a few Years over a few parts until they were finally defeated by Kenneth I.
103. ↑ Cináed mac Ailpín, Kenneth I. (848-858).
104. ↑ No, the author hadn't said this before; if he did so, it would be in a part of the chronicle that was lost.
105. ↑ by Strathclyde
106. ↑ Kenneth died in the year 858 (AU 858.2), probably on February 8th. He probably ruled Dalriada since 839 (or maybe a little later) and the Pictland since 842 or 843. It is sometimes claimed that Kenneth based his claim to the throne on maternal succession, but there is no real evidence of this.
107. ^ Donald I, Domnall mac Ailpín, King of Scotland (858-862).
108. ↑ Áed Find, son of Eochaid, was king of Dalriada from about 750 to 778. The Dalriada laws have now been enforced in Pictland. The law known as "Laws of Áedh" also included the Tanistry tradition: according to this custom, the heir to the throne of the king was elected from among the oldest and most worthy of his clan during his tenure.
109. ↑ Probably the village of Scone in Perthshire or somewhere nearby.
110. ^ Died April 13, 862 (AU 862.1).
111. ↑ Constantine I, King of Scotland (862-877).
112. ^ Hochkönig, died in 862 (AU 862.5).
113. ↑ Áed Findliath, King of Ailech (see below).
114. Jump up ↑ Olaf, son of Guthfrith, King of Dublin (856-871) (AU 866.1).
115. ↑ The Vikings are usually meant.
116. ↑ Or maybe in the fourth year.
117. ↑ In the year 875.
118. ↑ Constantine I died in 877. According to version "D" of the Pictish Chronicle, he was killed by the Vikings at the "Black Cave" (Inverdovat) in Forgan.
119. ↑ Aed or Aoth, King of Scotland (877-878).
120. ↑ The battle against Giric took place in 878. The location of Nrurim is uncertain, but is likely to be in Strathallan, north of Stirling. Version "D" of the Pictish Chronicle reports that Áed was killed in the battle against Giric (cf. AU 878.2).
121. ↑ Eochaid mac Run, King of Scotland (878-889).
122. ^ Ie from Strathclyde
123. ↑ Your name is unknown.
124. ↑ The name has been omitted. But we know from other sources that Giric's father was called Dungal, or maybe Donald: Giric mac Dúngail (878-889).
125. ↑ The Latin "alumnus" could mean "guardian" or "protector".
126. ↑ [“Ordinator” is probably the translation of the Gaelic “taoiseach”.
127. ↑ Áed Findliath, son of Niall Caille, High King of Ireland, d. 879 (AU 879.1).
128. ↑ June 16, 885.
129. ↑ [Other versions of the Pictish Chronicle ignore Eochaid and report that Giric was king. It is possible that Giric was not of royal blood, so he used Eochaid as a puppet.]
130. ↑ Donald mac Causantín, Donald II, King of Scotland (889-900).
131. ↑ Dunottar is south of Stonehaven; the author translated the Gaelic “dun” into the Latin word for “city”.
132. ^ Donald II died in Forres in 900 (AU 900.6).
133. ↑ Constantine II, Causantín mac Áeda, King of Scotland (900-943).
134. ↑ year 903.
135. ↑ In the year 904 (AU 904.4).
136. ↑ The later coronation site of the Scottish kings.
137. ↑ The people of Leinster.
138. ↑ Cormac mac Cuilennáin, King of Munster (902 to 908). He was killed on September 13, 908 (AU 908.3) in fighting in Leinster.
139. ↑ Domnall, son of Áed Findliath, King of Ailech in Ireland, d. 915 (AU 915.2).
140. ↑ Flann Sinna, High King of Ireland, d. May 25, 916 (AU 916.1).
141. ↑ Niall Glúndub, son of Áed Findliath, High King of Ireland killed on September 15, 919 (AU 919.3).
142. ↑ In 918 Ragnald I was the leader of the Vikings, later King of Jórvík (919-921).
143. ↑ If that was the famous Battle of Brunanburh, then it took place in 937.
144. ↑ Later Earl of Angus, old Scottish nobility title.
145. ↑ King of England (924-939).
146. ↑ That is, he entered the monastery of St. Andrews.
147. ↑ The year of Constantine's abdication is not known, 943 seems to be possible. He died in the year 952 (AU 952.1).
148. ↑ Malcolm I, Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, King of Scotland (943-954).
149. ↑ The other Pictish King Lists all speak of 9 years, but 11 years seems more likely.
150. ↑ 945 Edmund of Wessex conquered Strathclyde and gave it to Malcolm I in exchange for an alliance against the Vikings who ruled Northumbria at the time; these raids may be related to this alliance.
151. ↑ Fodresach is Fetteresso near Stonehaven; the killing took place in 954 (AU 954.2).
152. ↑ Idulb mac Causantín, King of Scotland, son of Constantine II. (954-962).
153. ↑ Indulf was killed by the Vikings near Invercullen in 962 (Chronicon Scotorum, 962). Invercullen is the medieval name for Seaton in Banffshire, at the mouth of the Cullen Burn.
154. ↑ Dub mac Maíl Coluim, Dubh, Dub, Duff, King of Scotland (962-966), Gaelic name for black.
155. ↑ Bishop of the Hebrides; he died in 963.
156. ↑ "Little Dog", ie Cuilén, successor to Dub.
157. ^ In Duncrub, Perthshire; this battle took place in 965 (AU 965.4).
158. ↑ Dub mac Maíl Coluim was killed on July 20, 966 in Forres when there was a solar eclipse there (AU 967.1).
159. ↑ Cuilén mac Iduilb, King of Scotland (966-971).
160. ^ Bishop of St. Andrews.
161. ↑ That is, he succeeded him as bishop; this was in 970.
162. ↑ Apparently Cuilén had kidnapped the daughter of a British nobleman named Rhydderch and was killed by them in revenge; this happened in the year 971 (AU 971.1).
163. ↑ Cináed mac Maíl Coluim, Kenneth II, King of Scotland (971-995).
164. ↑ There is a gap in the handwriting so that the chronicler could have made an entry for the end of the reign of Kenneth II if Kenneth had died prematurely. But he apparently did not die until the chronicle was finally written; Kenneth, in fact, ruled for 24 years.
165. ↑ Britain means Strathclyde here.
166. ↑ Derwentwater
167. ↑ Possibly the crossing of the River Forth.
168. ↑ Or perhaps he received him hostage during his 973 visit to Edgar, the King of Wessex, when he was one of 8 kings whom Edgar as a sign of their submission or as part of a "peace conference" in a boat across the River Dee to Chester rowed against.
169. ↑ Kenneth II founded a large monastery in Brechin in Angus. In 995, Kenneth von Finella (daughter of Cunthar, Earl of Angus), was lured into a house in Fettercairn, Kincardineshire, and was deceitfully murdered there in revenge for the death of her son (AU 995.1).