Poloxamers

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Poloxamers: a = 2-130 and b = 15-67

Poloxamers are block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide . They are low-foaming and foam-suppressing nonionic surfactants that are used for dispersing and emulsifying in the chemical-technical industry. The polyethylene oxide part of the polymer is water-soluble, but the polypropylene oxide part is not, so that the amphiphilic properties result. Depending on the degree of ethoxylation, they are liquid (L), pasty (P), solid (F) or powder.

Poloxamers are surfactant-like block polymers with a central polypropylene glycol part that is linked to a macrogol part at both chain ends. They are characterized by a two or three digit sequence.

The polymers were developed by BASF in the 1950s and have been marketed under the brand name Pluronic ® ever since .

The last digit multiplied by a factor of 10 indicates the relative mass fraction of the ethylene oxide units in percent, the preceding digit (s) multiplied by a factor of 100 code the relative molecular mass of the polypropylene glycol block. The following types of poloxamers are available:

  • Poloxamer 407 (trade name e.g. Pluronic F 127; pharmaceutical grade: Kolliphor P 407; previously Lutrol F 127),
  • Poloxamer 188 (trade name e.g. Pluronic F 68; pharmaceutical grade: Kolliphor P 188; previously Lutrol F 68).

Both types of poloxamer are solid as a base material, Poloxamer 407 has an average relative molecular weight of 9840 to 14600, Poloxamer 188 has a mean molecular weight of 7680 to 9510.

Poloxamine

Poloxamines are a subgroup of the poloxamers and are structurally composed of an ethylene diamine core, the amino groups of which are substituted with copolymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene blocks of variable length :

[H- (C 2 H 4 O) a - (C 3 H 6 O) b ] 2 N-CH 2 -CH 2 -N [(C 3 H 6 O) b - (C 2 H 4 O) a - H] 2

where a and b are variable.

Poloxamines are used as nonionic surfactants and are therefore contained in some cosmetics and care products. But they can also be part of medicinal products .

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  • Römpp Lexikon Chemie Volume 5 , (Ed .: J. Falbe, M. Regitz), 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1999 , p. 3391.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AMoghimi, SM; Hunter, AC: Poloxamers and poloxamines in nanoparticle engineering and experimental medicine. In: Trends in Biotechnology . 18, No. 10, 2000, pp. 412-420.
  2. ↑ a b c European Pharmacopoeia , Deutscher Apotheker Verlag Stuttgart, 6th Edition, 2008, pp. 3713–3715, ISBN 978-3-7692-3962-1 .