Polychlorinated carbazoles
Polychlorinated carbazoles (PCCZ) are a group of chlorinated organic compounds . They are derivatives of carbazole and nitrogen analogs of polychlorinated dibenzofurans .
| Chlorine atoms | PCCZ isomers |
|---|---|
| 1 | 4th |
| 2 | 16 |
| 3 | 28 |
| 4th | 38 |
| 5 | 28 |
| 6th | 16 |
| 7th | 4th |
| 8th | 1 |
| Total | 135 |
Polychlorinated carbazoles usually come as a mixture. This mixture can have a certain frequency pattern (congener pattern), from which conclusions can be drawn about the causes.
PCCZ are not specifically made. Under certain conditions, they arise as by-products in thermal processes. Mixed halogenated carbazoles are also found in environmental samples .
literature
- Juliane Kirst: Synthesis of halogenated carbazoles and total synthesis of the amaryllis alkaloids pratosin and hippadin. Dissertation, Dresden, 2009. DNB 100727316X / 34 .
- Victor Turoski: Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds in the Paper Industry . CRC Press, 1997, pp. 96 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Liu, Hongyan; Yi, Zhongsheng; Mo, Lingyun: Thermodynamic Properties of Polychlorinated Carbazoles by Density Functional Theory. In: Acta Chim. Sinica, 2009, 67 (14), 1626-1634.
Web links
- Entry for 1-chloro-9H-carbazole in the ChemSpider database of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Pena-Abaurrea, KJ Jobst, R. Ruffolo, L. Shen, R. McCrindle, PA Helm, EJ Reiner: Identification of Potential Novel Bioaccumulative and Persistent Chemicals in Sediments from Ontario (Canada) Using Scripting Approaches with GC × GC -TOF MS Analysis . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 2014, 48 (16), 9591-9599, doi : 10.1021 / es5018152 .
- ↑ J. Guo, D. Chen, D. Potter, KJ Rockne, NC Sturchio, JP Giesy, A. Li: Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Sediments of Lake Michigan: A New Discovery . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 2014, 48 (21), 12807-12815, doi : 10.1021 / es503936u .