Polymer alloy

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Polymer alloys are materials composed of two or more at least partially miscible polymers or materials composed of multiphase copolymers. Polymer alloys have uniform physical properties throughout their volume. In comparison, the polymers in polymer blends are only physically mixed and do not have to be miscible. Both product groups (polymer alloys and blends) form plastic mixtures, which are characterized in particular by their impact strength , rigidity and heat resistance.

With regard to the polymer alloys, there are analogies to metal alloys , in which the alloy also has completely different properties than the individual metal components.

Applications

Impact-resistant polymer alloys are used in car interiors and for car exterior parts that are at risk of impact. In the event of an accident, the plastic should not splinter, but rather deform viscoplastically. This is achieved by using a hard polymer phase, e.g. B. polypropylene (PP), an elastic rubber phase z. B. based on polybutadiene or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) adds. A higher heat resistance is achieved z. B. by polymer alloys made of polycarbonates (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS). Further examples are alloys made of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and polystyrene (PS) or polyamide (PA) for high temperature resistance and impact strength.

Other areas of application are the electrical sector for various electrical devices, plugs and switches (polycarbonates and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers or polyphenylene oxide and polystyrene), the construction sector for e.g. B. window profiles ( polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene ) and the sports sector with z. B. cold-impact polymer alloys based on polyamides for winter sports equipment.

Examples

Polymer alloys

ABS / PC
PBT / PC (alloy of two types of polyester)

Polymer blends

ABS / PA
PA / PE (also known as dry impact polyamide)

literature

WH Meyer: Polymer-Alloys, Chemistry in Our Time, 21st year 1987, No. 2, pp. 59-69, ISSN 0009-2851

Individual evidence

↑ JV Alemán, AV Chadwick, J. He, M. Hess, K. Horie: Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007) . In: Pure and Applied Chemistry . tape 79 , no. 10 , January 1, 2007, ISSN 1365-3075 , p. 1801–1829 , doi : 10.1351 / pac200779101801 ( degruyter.com [accessed June 9, 2020]).

[1] JV Alemán, AV Chadwick, J. He, M. Hess, K. Horie: Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007) . In: Pure and Applied Chemistry . tape 79 , no. 10 , January 1, 2007, ISSN 1365-3075 , p. 1801–1829 , doi : 10.1351 / pac200779101801 ( degruyter.com [accessed June 9, 2020]).