Polycystic Echinococcosis

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The Polycystic hydatid disease (PE) is a tapeworm disease in humans that occurs in Central and South America. It is caused by Echinococcus vogeli , less often by E. oligarthra . 172 diseases were detected up to 2007, of which 57.6% in Brazil , 16.9% in Colombia and 6.4% in Ecuador .

In this form of echinococcosis , the affected organs, mostly in the liver , have many bubbles, millimeters to a few centimeters in size, which are similar to the vesicles in alveolar echinococcosis as well as in cystic echinococcosis . The few known cases of E. oligarthra infestation were localized in the eyes and heart . The more frequent occurrence of E. vogeli infections is due to the fact that its main hosts are wild dogs who do not bury their droppings. The second pathogen, E. oligarthra , primarily affects cats that bury their faeces. Therefore, there is a greater chance for humans to come into contact with the eggs of E. vogeli and to become infected.

The disease can be divided into five forms:

  • Type I with cysts in the liver and abdominal cavity , about 37% of the cases
  • Type II with cysts in the liver and abdominal cavity and simultaneous liver failure , about 26% of cases
  • Type III with cysts in the liver and lungs / thorax , about 14% of cases
  • Type IV with cysts in gastrointestinal tract and mesentery , about 16% of cases and
  • Type V with cysts in the liver and lungs with calcifications, about 4% of cases.

The cysts are separated from one another by an 8 to 85 µm thick hyaline membrane, which shows a strongly positive PAS reaction . the inside of the septa is covered by a 3 to 13 µm thick germ membrane from which the brood capsules sprout inwards. Calcification foci are common. The metacestode is delimited in its entirety by a connective tissue capsule with only a few cellular infiltrates. Imaging and serological methods are used for diagnosis.

Treatment is usually carried out by surgical removal, which is often only partially successful. Albendazole can be used medicinally .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Alan J. Magill, G. Thomas Strickland, James H. Maguire, Edward T. Ryan, Tom Solomon: Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Disease . 9th edition. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4557-4043-7 , pp. 915-916.
  2. ↑ Dennis Tappe, August Stich, Matthias Frosch: Emergence of Polycystic Neotropical Echinococcosiss. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. Volume 14, No. 2, 2008, pp. 292-297, PMC 2600197 (free full text).