Dominant
In music theory , the predominant (from English pre-dominant chord ) denotes a chord that precedes or leads into the dominant in a cadence . The term comes from Anglo-Saxon music theory, where it is very common, and has also established itself in German-language music theory since the beginning of the 21st century.
William Caplin expressly speaks of a “ pre-dominant function ” as a “harmonic function” that exists alongside the tonic and dominant functions . The concept thus combines chords in the theory of functions by Hugo Riemann as a (variant) subdominant or double dominant apply u. a .:
- Chords of the II. Degree in II-VI
- Neapolitan sixth chord
- Excessive sixth fifth chord
In contrast to Riemann's work, 'function' is not determined here by the types of sound affinity, but by the position and role of a chord in a formal process. In the following example (Ludwig van Beethoven, Piano Sonata in F minor, Op. 57 , 2nd movement, beginning), the second subdominant (blue) is a predominant, while the first (red) is an alternating chord that prolongs the tonic:
literature
- Bruce Benward / Marilyn Saker: Music in Theory and Practice Vol. 2. McGraw-Hill Education, New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-07-310188-0 .
- William Caplin: Classical Form. A Theory of Formal Functions for the Instrumental Music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven . Oxford University Press, New York 1998, ISBN 978-0-19-514399-7 .
- Hans-Ulrich Fuss: 'Subthematic Work'. Composing with polyphonic models in Mozart's work . In: Journal of the Society for Music Theory 4 / 1–2 (2007), pp. 87–106 ( online ).
- Ludwig Holtmeier : Functional ambiguity, tonality and Arabic levels. Considerations for reforming harmonic analysis. In: Journal of the Society for Music Theory 8/3 (2011), ISSN 1862-6742 , pp. 465-487 ( online) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ See e.g. B. Caplin 1998, p. 23; Bruce Benward / Marilyn Saker 2009, p. 359.
- ↑ See e.g. B. Fuss 2007; Holtmeier 2011.
- ↑ Caplin 1998, p. 23: "The large number of pre-dominant harmonies in a key generally realte to one of two main types - those built above the fourth degree of the scale and those derived from the dominant of the dominant (V / V). "