Programmed instruction

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Programmed instruction is a method of learning psychology . A teaching text is divided into numbered sections, each with small exam questions at the end. It depends on the learner's answer which section he will be directed to next.

history

During an internship in fourth grade mathematics class, the American psychologist B. F. Skinner discovered in 1953 that when pupils filled out worksheets, they only received an evaluation after they had worked through the entire sheet. From a behavioristic point of view, this is inadequate, as feedback only takes place too long. Skinner then developed the programmed instruction, in which the teaching content is divided into small sections, and comprehension questions must be answered after each section. This was implemented both in book form and as a mechanical machine.

Norman Crowder developed Skinner's concept further. Instead of linear programs, branching programs have now emerged. Depending on the answer to a control question, the program will continue at a different point. This makes it possible to individually address the mistakes of the learners.

example

Here is an example of the branching form of programmed instruction:

Part 1

Charlemagne, 748–814, became Roman emperor in 800. Read on in section 3

Section 2

Your answer is correct. The program ends here.

Section 3

Karl was from the Carolingian family.
When was he crowned emperor? If you think it was before 1000, go to 2, otherwise to section 4.

Section 4

This is wrong. Continue with section 1.

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The use of software for teaching and learning purposes is still partly shaped today by behavioristic models. In practice, the presentation of information units with subsequent examination questions proves to be stereotypical. A deeper understanding of the teaching content, as pursued by cognitive approaches, remains questionable. A comprehensive approach is offered by blended learning , which, as a universal form of learning , combines the different learning theories, learning methods and learning media in a comprehensive curriculum.

Web links

See also