Proscription
The proscription (of Latin proscriptio , notice ',' proscription ') was in ancient Rome outlawing a person: this was allowed by Roman law are killed by each and their legacy fell to the state. The names of the people outlawed were posted publicly and there was often a reward for killing a proscribed person.
Sulla's proscription
In the struggle between the optimates under Lucius Cornelius Sulla and the populares around Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna , there were numerous murders of political opponents in Rome . After taking over the dictatorship , Sulla then used proscription to legalize these acts on his part, as well as to destroy other enemies and confiscate their property. Some of Sulla's followers took the opportunity to personally enrich themselves with the belongings of the unfortunate. The ensuing hostilities and legal disputes continued to have an effect for several decades after Sulla's departure and contributed significantly to the weakening of the republic.
Procriptions of the Triumvirs
In 43 BC The triumvirs Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , Marcus Antonius and Octavian once again made use of the proscription, not only to eliminate political opponents, but above all to finance the impending civil war against the Caesar murderers Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus .
The total number of deaths in this second wave of proscriptions was around 2300, of which 300 were senators and 2000 were knights . Well-known victims were Marcus Tullius Cicero and his brother Quintus .
Quite a few proscribed people were able to save themselves to Sextus Pompeius in Sicily , who was 39 BC. In the Treaty of Misenum achieved their rehabilitation and compensation. Most of the survivors then returned to Rome. This line under the crimes committed was extremely important for the orderly transition to the principate , because it avoided the legal uncertainty that had poisoned the political climate of the republic after Sulla's proscriptions.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Manfred Fuhrmann : Proscriptio. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 4, Stuttgart 1972, Sp. 1187.
literature
- Hermann Bengtson : To the proscriptions of the triumvirs . Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-7696-1445-3 (session reports of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class, 1972, 3). ( Digitized version )
- Jochen Bleicken : Between Republic and Principal. On the character of the Second Triumvirate. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1990, ISBN 3-525-82471-8 (Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class, Volume 3, 185).
- Manfred Fuhrmann : Proscriptio. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 4, Stuttgart 1972, Sp. 1187.
- François Hinard: Les proscriptions de la Rome républicaine. Ecole française de Rome, Rome 1985, ISBN 2-7283-0094-1 (Collection de l'École française de Rome, 83. Online ).
