Proton computed tomography

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The proton computed tomography (abbreviated proton CT) is an imaging technique that is similar to photon computed tomography works, but protons instead of photons used. It can potentially increase the accuracy of treatment planning and patient positioning for particle therapy of tumors .

description

The difference between proton CT and photon CT lies mainly in the interaction between the particles and the matter and thus in the energy loss of the particles. The protons are larger and positively charged and can therefore interact more with other particles. The protons slow down and give off most of the energy in the Bragg peak . A proton CT therefore requires a lot of energy. This results in the possibility of being able to protect the surrounding healthy tissue even better than is possible with percutaneous radiation therapy with photons. In contrast to photons, the penetration depth of the protons can be controlled individually and with millimeter precision. The required radiation dose is therefore released with high precision in the tumor and not in healthy tissue. It is important that the Bragg peak does not remain in the patient.

history

Proton CT was first theorized by Allan McLeod Cormack in an article in 1963. The article describes various types of medical radiation. He discovered that proton CT gives less dose than photon CT, but the spatial resolution is worse. In 2000, Zygmanski and colleagues presented a cone-beam proton CT. In the early 2000s, the clinical need for proton CT increased, which led to a group of natural scientists coming together to work on the concept of proton CT.

Current relevance

Some institutions use proton CT in the context of proton therapy, for example the University of Bergen , the University Clinic Haukeland and the University of Utrecht . Which type of detector should be used is still the subject of research. Proton CT can help to reduce the uncertainty in the position of the Bragg Peak, so that proton therapy can also be used in the vicinity of important organs.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ C. Civinini, D. Bonanno, M. Brianzi, M. Carpinelli, GAP Cirrone: Proton Computed Tomography: iterative image reconstruction and dose evaluation . In: Journal of Instrumentation . tape 12 , no. 01 , January 12, 2017, ISSN  1748-0221 , p. C01034 – C01034 , doi : 10.1088 / 1748-0221 / 12/01 / C01034 ( iop.org [accessed April 13, 2019]).
2. ↑ CHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2019 . 
3. ↑ Technical glossary | Radiotherapy Weilheim. Retrieved May 6, 2019 . 
4. ↑ Shepherd tumors: Treatment with protons is particularly beneficial. In: West German Proton Therapy Center Essen (WPE). Retrieved on May 6, 2019 (German). 
5. ^ AM Cormack: Representation of a Function by Its Line Integrals, with Some Radiological Applications . In: Journal of Applied Physics . tape 34 , no. 9 , September 1963, ISSN  0021-8979 , p. 2722-2727 , doi : 10.1063 / 1.1729798 .
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Reinhard W. Schulte, Scott N. Penfold: Proton CT for Improved Stopping Power Determination in Proton Therapy, invited . In: Transactions of the American Nuclear Society . tape 106 , 2012, ISSN  0003-018X , p. 55-58 , PMID 24771877 , PMC 3999915 (free full text).
7. ↑ ^{a b c} H.ES Pettersen, J. Alme, A. Biegun, A. van den Brink, M. Chaar: Proton tracking in a high-granularity Digital Tracking Calorimeter for proton CT purposes . In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment . tape 860 , July 2017, p. 51–61 , doi : 10.1016 / j.nima.2017.02.007 ( elsevier.com [accessed April 13, 2019]).

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