Transverse anchor (steam locomotive)
As a cross-anchor additional stiffeners of the rear boiler of steam locomotives called. They have the task of additionally stiffening these in the area of the ceiling studs against the operating loads such as steam pressure, movement of the locomotives or the heating of the fire box and are made of strong round steel with a diameter of 40 to 45 mm. In old constructions, the cross anchors were attached to gusset plates riveted on the inside of the standing tank and tightened with a threaded nut; in newer steam locomotive designs, the anchors consist of one part and the gusset plates are welded to the wall of the standing tank.
Location and mode of action
The position of the cross anchors can best be seen on the enclosed sketch and photo. The attachment of the fire box to the standing boiler via the bottom ring and stud bolts places heavy loads on the standing boiler wall. Therefore, it must be stiffened with additional cross anchors, which statically have the function of a ring anchor . The load on the cross anchors cannot be statically determined. Thus, their arrangement was mostly based on experience, and they could be found arranged in one or two rows. Since the horizontal loads on the standing tank walls are absorbed by the transverse studs and the vertical loads are absorbed by the ceiling studs, if some of the studs break, the standing tank wall can be subjected to greater loads. The cross anchors counteract this.
There have been construction variants of the standing kettle where the cross anchors were used to fasten the ceiling studs in order to avoid excessively long ceiling studs, but in general they have been designed as shown in the sketch. Cross anchors are missing in locomotive construction in the USA , here the ceiling and cross studs merge.
Steam locomotives may only be operated with intact cross anchors. If a cross anchor cracks, the locomotive must be shut down and the broken cross anchors must be replaced with new ones. Cracked cross anchors must not be welded.
literature
- Dr. Ing. F. Meineke "The Steam Locomotive", Springer-Verlag Göttingen, 1949
- Edmund Heusinger von Waldegg: Special Railway Technology, Third Volume, Der Lokomotivbau , Leipzig 1882
Web links
- Website about cross anchors in steam locomotive constructions on the website of the German Society for Railway History
- Section through the steam locomotive boiler with 6 cross anchors on the website of the German Railway History Society
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dr. Ing.F. Meineke "The Steam Locomotive", Springer-Verlag Göttingen, 1949, page 274.
- ^ Edmund Heusinger von Waldegg: Specielle Eisenbahn-Technik, Third Volume, Der Lokomotivbau , Leipzig 1882, Annex tables.
- ↑ Dr. Ing. F. Meineke "Die Dampflokomotive", Springer-Verlag Göttingen, 1949, page 276.
- ↑ Regulation on the use of Queraners on the website of the steam locomotive friends Salzwedel .