Complaint court

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The complaint court (Frevelgericht, Jahrding) was a lower court with jurisdiction for complaints (notification of an offense to the court) to maintain public order.

History and meaning of the complaint courts

The reprimand or rug courts can be traced back to the criminal reprimand proceedings of Franconian law , in which not the person who was harmed (usually in murder cases), but a sworn reprimand or reprimand appeared as prosecutor, and are thus indirect forerunners of today's Criminal law.

The complaint court / rug court mostly took place on a certain day of the year, e.g. B. at the end of the 15th century in Alfeld in the Nürnberger Land on Monday after Martini or in Franconian Eschenbach around the Solafest . The opponents came here to "rest" in front of the pastor and accused each other of their sins. The pastor then had to rebuke the sinners. It is said that this procedure led to disagreement and disputes.

Complaint courts distinguish themselves as extrajudicial conflict resolution in that they practice a procedural rite against the background of a mythical staging, which is often characterized by a special language.

Complaint courts later assumed popular forms and lived on in this way. This was a type of people's jurisdiction in which the accused was not punished, but "reprimanded" or mocked, so that out of shame in front of the laughter of the community, he abandoned his denounced behavior, mostly a violation of norms of tradition and custom. In addition to these more joking forms of the complaint court, there were also more drastic forms, e.g. B. shearing, undressing and water diving.

Known Rügegerichte are the Bavarian Haberfeldtreiben , Häckselstreuen , Loderstellen , muck car bodies , skirts shortening , Säg'spänstreuen that bergische rumble and the Swiss Giritzenmoos .

Complaint courts have also been incorporated into Carnival customs as a valve function; Certain conditions or people are reprimanded or criticized, whereby the forms are institutionally protected or at least tolerated. More recent forms of Rügebrauch are tomato, egg and, above all, cake tossing. There are also complaints in high school and student circles.

Württemberg

In the Kingdom of Württemberg , regular citizens 'assemblies were called under the name Ruggericht , at which citizens' complaints about the administration of the administration could be submitted. So could z. B. criminal offenses within the executive branch are detected and administrative structures improved.

With the first state order of 1495, the Vogtruggericht was introduced, which was held once a year by the Vogt (from 1759 Oberamtmann) in the municipalities of his district and replaced the previous free courts. With the enactment of the "Political Censorship and Rug Ordinance" in 1559, quarterly municipal rug courts were also introduced under the chairmanship of the respective mayor . The municipal courts were abolished in the first half of the 19th century. The (Vogt) Ruggerichte were replaced by the municipal auditorium on January 19, 1892.

literature

  • Martin Scharfe : For use on the back . In: Hessische Blätter für Volkskunde 61, 1970, ISSN  0342-1260 , pp. 45-68.
  • Enno Bünz , Klaus Walter Littger (Hrsg.): Clergy, church and piety in the late medieval diocese of Eichstätt. Selected essays by Franz Xaver Buchner. EOS Verlag, St. Ottilien 1997, ISBN 3-88096-882-9 , pp. 179f. ("The Rug Court").
  • Stephanie Schneider: Rügen protocols. The language of a text type as a mirror of early modern social discipline . In: Niederdeutsches Wort 41, 2001, ISSN  0078-0545 , pp. 91–110.
  • Hedda Rgotzky: The housemaid in the plow. An almost nocturnal repudiation and its literarization . In: Ulrike Gaebel, Erika Kartschoke (Hrsg.): Böse Frauen - Gute Frauen. Representation conventions in texts and images from the Middle Ages and the early modern period . Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Trier 2002, ISBN 3-88476-479-9 , ( Literature, Imagination, Reality 28), pp. 223-238.
  • Natascha Richter: The Württemberg rug courts in the village. Norm and practice around 1800 using the example of the municipality of Trichtingen . Published by the Rottweil district archive. Rottweil 2011

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Instruction on holding the rug courts in the communities from November 15, 1844 with the necessary changes
  2. ^ Natascha Richter: The Württemberg rug courts in the village. Norm and practice around 1800 using the example of the municipality of Trichtingen . Published by the Rottweil district archive. Rottweil 2011, p. 17.

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