R-410A
R-410A , also known as HFC-410A or Suva 410A , is a zeotropic , but almost azeotropic, refrigerant mixture that is very often used in air conditioning systems. The mixture consists of 50% each of R-32 ( difluoromethane ) and R-125 ( pentafluoroethane ).
| Physical Properties | value |
|---|---|
| composition | 50% CH 2 F 2 50% CHF 2 CF 3 |
| molar mass [g / mol] | 72.6 |
| Melting point [° C] | −155 |
| Boiling point [° C] | −48.5 |
| Liquid density at 30 ° C, [kg / m³] | 1040 |
| Vapor density at 30 ° C, air = 1.0 | 3.0 |
| Vapor pressure at 21.1 ° C [MPa] | 1.383 |
| Critical temperature [° C] | 72.8 |
| Critical pressure [MPa] | 4.86 |
| Heat capacity (gas) [kJ / (kg · K)] | 0.84 |
| Heat capacity (liquid) at 1 bar and 30 ° C, [kJ / (kg · K)] | 1.8 |
Compared to other refrigerant mixtures, it has an almost negligible temperature glide, i.e. the temperature range in which the phase transition (liquid «gaseous) takes place. The refrigerant has a vapor pressure of 8 bar at 0 ° C and 26 bar at 42 ° C. The refrigerant therefore has a very high volumetric refrigeration capacity due to the comparatively high vapor pressure. As a result, a high cooling capacity can be achieved with small compressors, which means that the air conditioning units can become smaller. However, the refrigerant cannot be used in the deep-freeze area because the compression end temperature is too high. The refrigerant R-407C has been replaced by R-410A in new systems, as it is more effective due to the higher volumetric gain in cold. However, the system components must be designed for higher pressures. One cubic meter of R-410A can absorb more heat during evaporation than, for example, R-134a ( 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane ).
It has indeed no ozone depletion potential, but is a greenhouse gas with a relatively high GWP of 2088 (global warming potential, global warming potential ) and thus contributes to global warming at.
Due to its GWP value below 2,500, R-410A will not be affected by bans under the current EU F-Gas Regulation for the foreseeable future. However, the phase-down scenario of the ordinance and the subsequent gradual limitation of the quantity of refrigerants with high GWP values mean that there will be an increasing shortage of funds and a resultant price increase. For this reason, various manufacturers are considering replacing systems with R-410A, half of which consists of R-32, with pure R-32 systems (GWP value: 675). The first commercial split air conditioning units have been available on the European market for this purpose since 2013.
Compared to R-410A, R32 has about 2/3 lower global warming potential, about 20% higher volumetric cooling capacity, and about 4.4% higher theoretical coefficient of performance (COP).
The higher volumetric cooling capacity compared to R-410A results in the possibility of using smaller cross-sections for the refrigerant lines. When using the cross-sections for R32 that are customary with R-410A, a slightly higher COP results due to lower pressure losses in the line and the associated lower compressor power consumption.
Whether the single-component refrigerant R-32 will prevail over alternatives with a lower global warming potential such as fluorocarbons based on molecules with C double bonds has not been clarified and is part of current research and development, see, for example, the publicly available research reports on air conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), the underlying projects of which took place as part of the Low-GWP AREP (Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program) research program.
Web links
- The refrigerant report , 19th edition , overview of many refrigerants (PDF file; 2.3 MB)
- Material data - equation of state from DuPont ( Memento from November 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF, 284 KiB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ R-410a Material Safety Data Sheet . Honeywell International Inc .. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Information: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
- ↑ Puron Refrigerant R-410A . Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ↑ R-410A . Honeywell Refrigerants Europe. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
- ↑ Michael Freiherr: Design of evaporators and condensers for refrigerant mixtures with high temperature glide. In: guentner.de. Accessed July 31, 2020 .
- ↑ BTGA: F-gas regulation - goals, content, consequences (de., PDF; 707 kB)
- ↑ The refrigerant R 410A: properties and possible alternatives. In: infraserv.com. Accessed July 31, 2020 .
- ↑ Bluevolution. Accessed June 17, 2020 (English).
- ^ R. Yajima, K. Kita, S. Taira, N. Domniyo: R32 As a Solution for Energy Conservation and Low Emission
- ↑ research program for low-GWP AREP the AHRI
