Radulf the Cistercian
Radulf (* in France, 12th century, also called Roudolphe or Raoul) was a French Cistercian monk .
Life
During the second crusade (1144–1147) Radulf left his monastery without the permission of his superiors to move to the Rhineland and, taking advantage of the enthusiasm for the crusade, to call for the murder of the Jews as "enemies of the Christian religion".
Archbishop Arnold I of Cologne , who offered the Jews in his residence protection from the population incited by Radulf, and the Archbishop of Mainz Heinrich I Felix von Harburg appealed in this matter to Bernhard von Clairvaux , the abbot of Clairvaux and the highest Cistercian Help on and received it.
Bernhard reacted immediately with letters against Radulf and himself traveled to the Rhineland to Mainz, where he met Radulf in September 1146. Although Radulf was supported by the people, Bernhard charged Radulf with his unauthorized sermons and forbade the forced baptism and murder of Jews. He also explicitly defended the loan of money against interest by the Jews, since otherwise the Christians would take up this activity, which was forbidden by the Second Lateran Council of 1139.
Various motives for Bernhard's intervention are assumed in the literature. On the one hand, it is stated that Bernhard rejected compulsory baptism for dogmatic reasons and, through the testimony of Scripture, assigned the Jews a special role. Others assume financial motives. The money lending was very important for the princes and prelates because they could raise special taxes for permission to lending money and protect the lender, which later Jews shelves were called. Therefore, Radulf's arbitrary appeals had affected the princes' finances, which led them to move Bernhard to act.
Although Radulf had the support of the population, Bernhard was able to prevail and Radulf reluctantly returned to the monastery .
Individual evidence
- ^ Richard Gottheil, Joseph Jacobs: The Crusades. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 12, 2007 (1901–1906).
- ^ RGS History, The Crusades and the Jews
literature
- Peter Dinzelbacher : Bernhard von Clairvaux, life and work of the famous Cistercian. Darmstadt 1998, ISBN 3-89678-027-1 .
- Jonathan Phillips: The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom. New Haven, CT, 2007, ISBN 9780300112740 . Review
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Radulf the Cistercian |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Roudolphe; Raoul |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French Cistercian monk |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 11th century or 12th century |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | France |
| DATE OF DEATH | 12th century or 13th century |