Reference yield
The reference yield is a type-specific performance indicator for wind turbines . According to the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), it is defined as "the amount of electricity determined for each type of a wind turbine including the respective hub height that this type would generate mathematically on the basis of a measured performance curve in five years of operation if it was built at the reference location".
Legal Specifications
The type of system is determined by its type designation and rated power, the circular rotor area and the hub height according to the manufacturer's specifications. The reference location is defined by a Rayleigh distribution of the annual wind speed at a height of 30 m above the ground with an average value of 5.5 m / s, a logarithmic height profile and a roughness length of 0.1 m.
The EEG stipulates that the reference yield “must be determined according to the generally recognized rules of technology”. Compliance with these rules is presumed if the "procedures, principles and calculation methods" are applied, which are described in the version of the technical guidelines for wind energy plants of the Fördergesellschaft Windenergie eV valid at the time of the determination .
Institutions are entitled to calculate reference yields that are "accredited" as competent testing and calibration bodies according to the requirements of ISO / IEC 17025 "by a state-recognized accreditation body or an accreditation body evaluated with the participation of state bodies".
Legal and economic importance
According to the earlier versions of the EEG, only those systems that did not fall below 60% of the reference yield could be funded. This rule was deleted without replacement in the version of the EEG from 2012.
An economical operation of wind turbines in the power class from 2 MW to 2.9 MW is possible under the remuneration conditions of the EEG, especially at locations where a yield of 80% to 120% of the reference yield is achieved. With 60% of the reference yield and less, the equity invested generally does not yield any interest. But even with very profitable locations with 150% of the reference yield, the profitability drops because the feed-in tariff is lower at these locations according to the EEG. However, this general consideration depends on a number of parameters; In individual cases, other results may therefore come into play. The decisive factors include the ratio of debt and equity, the interest costs for the debt, the prime costs for the system and the operating costs in individual cases.
For investors, a guideline value of 80% of the reference yield applies as a minimum for the economic operation of a wind turbine.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Annex 3 to the Renewable Energy Sources Act (Renewable Energy Sources Act - EEG) , accessed on December 28, 2013
- ↑ Anna-Kathrin Wallasch; Knud Rehfeldt: Economic efficiency of locations for the use of wind energy . Ed .: Deutsche WindGuard GmbH. Deutsche WindGuard GmbH, Varel April 2012, p. 8 ( [1] [PDF; accessed December 28, 2013]). Profitability of locations for wind energy use ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Anna-Kathrin Wallasch; Knud Rehfeldt: Economic efficiency of locations for the use of wind energy . Ed .: Deutsche WindGuard GmbH. Deutsche WindGuard GmbH, Varel April 2012, p. 10 ( [2] [PDF; accessed December 28, 2013]). Profitability of locations for wind energy use ( memento of the original from December 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Wind energy decree Baden-Württemberg . Joint administrative regulation of the Ministry of Environment, Climate and Energy, the Ministry of Rural Areas and Consumer Protection, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Finance and Economy. Stuttgart May 9, 2012 ( [3] [PDF; accessed December 28, 2013]). Wind Energy Decree Baden-Württemberg ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
