Reichsanstalt for job placement and unemployment insurance

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Reichsanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung und Unemployment Insurance ( RAfAuA ) was the first independent authority in Germany to provide public employment services and career advice and to provide unemployment insurance. It is considered the forerunner of today's Federal Employment Agency . The Reichsanstalt was founded in 1927 in the legal form of a corporation under public law and was largely incorporated into the Reich Labor Ministry in 1938; In 1945 all activity came to a standstill.

history

Even before the First World War , private self-help institutions existed in individual companies , municipalities and trade union organizations in Germany that were organized as unemployment insurance and that were sometimes subsidized by the state. During the First World War and also afterwards with the demobilization, the political need arose to distinguish between unemployed and willing to work and support the poor and to support the unemployed separately. A statutory unemployment insurance, as it was created in Great Britain in 1911, did not initially come about.

Not only the unemployment insurance, but also the employment agency was prepared locally. Even before the First World War, certain municipalities and states organized a public employment agency (e.g. Bavaria ) in so-called "employment verification offices". During the war, the number of unemployed rose, and from 1916 the military demanded compulsory work, which led to the introduction of the "Aid Service Act". The experiences of the war, but also the desire of the trade unions to regulate job placement uniformly throughout the Reich, led to the establishment of the "Reichsamt für Arbeitsvermittlung" in 1920 and to the Labor Evidence Act (ANG) in 1922 , which organized job placement at the municipal level and the Reichsamt for job placement in the "Reich Labor Administration".

The coupling of job placement and unemployment insurance, as it is still characteristic in Germany today, only came about with the law on job placement and unemployment insurance (AVAVG) of July 16, 1927 (Reichsgesetzblatt I, page 187), which was also the legal basis for its establishment the Reichsanstalt represented. Earlier attempts had failed for financial reasons.

Because of the global economic crisis from 1929 and the associated rapid increase in the number of unemployed, the Reichsanstalt ran into major financial difficulties soon after it was founded.

During the Nazi era, self-administration was dissolved and the Reichsanstalt was given a purely administrative character.

From 1938 onwards, the institution organized the systematic registration and recruitment of Reich German Jews for forced labor as part of a secret decree .

With the Fuehrer's Decree of December 21, 1938 (RGBl. 1938, 1892) the tasks and powers of the President of the Reichsanstalt were transferred to the Reichs Minister of Labor and the main office in Berlin with Department II c (job placement and deployment) of the Reich Ministry of Labor (RAM) became a new one Main Department V united. The state labor offices and employment offices were subordinated to the RAM as direct Reich authorities. The President continued his duties as State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Labor. The previous Reichsanstalt continued to administer the premium income of the unemployment insurance as "Reichsstock für Arbeitsarbeit " .

Organizational structure

The Reichsanstalt had its seat in Berlin. It was divided into the main office, the state labor offices and the labor offices. She took over this structure from the old Reich Employment Agency. At the level of the employment offices and the state employment offices, the self-administration bodies were the administrative committees, which were composed of the chairman of the office and, in equal parts, representatives of employers, employees and public bodies. There was an appropriately composed Board of Directors at headquarters level. The highest organ of the Reichsanstalt was the executive committee, which consisted of the president as chairman and 15 assessors (5 each from each of the groups mentioned). The President was subordinate to the Reich Minister of Labor . On August 20, 1927, Reich President Paul von Hindenburg appointed the President of the Reich Labor Administration, Privy Councilor Friedrich Syrup , as its first President . This made him the top boss of 13 state labor offices and 361 labor offices in the German Reich. He was later appointed to the Schleicher cabinet as Reich Labor Minister (December 3, 1932 to January 28, 1933). On February 18, 1933, Friedrich Syrup was transferred back to the post of President of the Reichsanstalt.

State labor offices 1927

State Labor Office District Seat Area of ​​responsibility
Brandenburg Berlin Berlin, the provinces of Brandenburg and the Posen-West Prussia border region
Bavaria Munich State of Bavaria (excluding the Rheinpfalz district)
Hesse Frankfurt / Main Hesse-Nassau Province, People's State of Hesse
Central Germany Erfurt Province of Saxony, states of Anhalt and Thuringia, district of Schmalkalden
Lower Saxony Hanover Province of Hanover, states of Oldenburg, Braunschweig, Schaumburg-Lippe and Bremen
Nordmark Hamburg Province of Schleswig-Holstein, states of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and -Strelitz, Lübeck and Hamburg
East Prussia Koenigsberg East Prussia Province
Pomerania Szczecin Pomeranian Province
Rhineland Cologne Rhine province, administrative district Birkenfeld (State of Oldenburg)
Saxony Dresden State of Saxony
Silesia Wroclaw Provinces of Lower and Upper Silesia
Southwest Germany Stuttgart States of Baden and Württemberg, administrative district Hohenzollern (Prussia), administrative district Rheinpfalz (Bavaria)
Westphalia Dortmund Province of Westphalia, Land of Lippe

literature

  • Armin Michaelsen: The Reichsanstalt for job placement and unemployment insurance . Marburg / Lahn 1929. Univ. Diss., Erlangen 1929.
  • Fritz Schröder: The Reichsanstalt for job placement and unemployment insurance: its structure and its tasks . Berlin [approx. 1929]. (Training documents for the staff of the employment offices; 1).
  • Directory of the offices of the Reichsanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlungs und Arbeitslosenversicherung / Zsgest. for official use of the Reichsanstalt from the main office as of March 1, 1934. Berlin 1934.
  • Ten years of the Reich Employment Agency and Unemployment Insurance: 1927–1937 . Headquarters of the Reichsanstalt, Berlin 1937.
  • Julius Scheuble (Ed.): Hundred Years of State Social Policy 1839–1939: from the estate of Friedrich Syrup . Arranged by Otto Neuloh. Stuttgart 1957.
  • Rita Fingerhut: The Reichsanstalt for job placement and unemployment insurance under National Socialism . In: Handouts for training and further education . Federal Labor Office, Nuremberg 1991, No. 2, pp. [1] –23.
  • Dieter G. Maier: Labor deployment and deportation. The involvement of the labor administration in the National Socialist persecution of the Jews from 1938–1945 . Volume 4. Memorial House of the Wannsee Conference, Berlin 1994.
  • Dieter G. Maier: Labor administration and Nazi forced labor . In: Ulrike Winkler (Ed.): Going to pencils. Nazi forced labor and the debate on compensation . Cologne 2000, pp. 67-84.
  • Hans-Walter Schmuhl : Labor market policy and labor administration in Germany 1871–2002: between care, sovereignty and the market . (Contributions to labor market and occupational research; Contribution AB 270). Nuremberg 2003.
  • Michael Stolleisl : History of social law in Germany: a floor plan . Stuttgart 2003.
  • Dieter G. Maier: Beginnings and breaks in the labor administration up to 1952: at the same time a little-known chapter in German-Jewish history . (Series of publications by the Federal University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration; 43). Brühl 2004, ISBN 3-930732-93-9 .
  • Jürgen Nürnberger, Dieter G. Maier: President, Reich Labor Minister, State Secretary: Dr. Friedrich Syrup ; President of the Reich Institute for Job Placement and Unemployment Insurance; Life, work, personal bibliography . 2., essential exp. Ludwigshafen 2007 edition, ISBN 978-3-929153-81-1 (Shaper of labor market policy: bibliography and biography; Volume 1; 1st edition 2006, ISBN 3-929153-80-7 ).

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Götz Aly, Susanne Heim: The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany, 1933-1945 , Volume 2, Oldenbourg Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-486-58523-0 , p. 50ff