Rhodoguns (Parthia)

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Rhodogune (also Rodogune , Greek Rodogyne ) was a Parthian princess. She was the daughter of the Parthian king Mithridates Arsakes Philhellen , sister of King Phraates II and wife of the Seleucid king Demetrios Nikator .

Life

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Demetrios, king of the Seleucid Empire in Syria with Egyptian help , attacked in 141 BC. BC Parthia , but lost the battle and was taken prisoner. There he married in 138 BC. BC Rhodogune, although he was already married to the Egyptian princess Cleopatra Thea Euergetes , daughter of the pharaoh Ptolemaios Philometor . After ten years in captivity in Hyrcania , Demetrios was reinstated as king in Syria. He had the reputation to rule with cruelty and arbitrariness and came in a civil war in 125 BC. To death, presumably at the instigation of Cleopatra Thea, who did not forgive him for his marriage to Rhodogune.

Literary reception

Polyainos reports in his Strategika about Rhodogune as a contentious woman: “Rhodogune had just got out of her bath when she received news of a revolt. Without waiting for her hair to be done, she mounted her horse and sat at the head of her army. At the same time, she vowed not to hairdos until she had subjected the rebels, which she finally achieved after a protracted war. Then she bathed, and did her hair. According to this incident, the seal of the kings of Persia bears the Rhodoguns with disheveled hair. ”It depicts their deeds embellished according to the model of the Semiramis . It is questionable, however, whether the general mentioned by Polyainus is identical with the wife of the same name of Demetrius.

In the Baroque period, the motif of the two arguing women was increasingly taken up. Pierre Corneille writes a play Rodogune , in which the Rhodogune as heroine, Cleopatra Thea - who poisoned her son with Demetrios, Seleukos Philometor, and in the attempt to murder their second son, Antiochus Grypos, herself died at his hand found (with Corneille but lover of the Rhodoguns) - represents as a "personnage maléfique". Further literary adaptations are Gabriel Gilbert : Rodogune (1646), and Nicholas Rowe : The Royal Convert (1708) In Corneille as well as Gilbert, and the further 17th century, the Rhodogune stands as an allegory of war (not of female rule) - in this one Fall alluding to the reign of Anna of Austria 1643-1651, and the political opponents of that time, the Princes Condé and Gaston d'Orleans, to whom these two works were each dedicated.

literature

  • Pauly ii 934
  • Pierre Corneille : Rodogune . Gallimard-Jeunesse, 2004, ISBN 2-07-041946-0 (French, gallica.bnf.fr - first edition: 1644, edition from 1647).
    • Rodoguns . Rowohlt Theaterverlag, 2001 ( rowohlt-theaterverlag.de - original title: Rodogune, princesse des Parthes . Translated by Christian Ruzicska, Albert Lang).
  • Gabriel Gilbert: Rodoguns . 1646.
  • Nicholas Rowe: The Royal Convert . 1708.
  • Peter von Matt: Lessing's condemnation action against Corneilles Rodogune . In: Peter von Matt (ed.): The intrigue . 2008, p. 349 ff .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Appian , Syriaca 67 f .; Justin 38.9.
  2. ↑ Polyainos: Strategika 8.27; Translation into English: R. Shepherd (1793), web document , attalus.org, German translation Wikipedia
  3. ↑ See Rhodogune [5] and [6]. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 10, Metzler, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-476-01480-0 , column 995 f.
  4. ↑ Quote: Unbek. Author: Pierre Corneille (1606–1684), Rodogune (1645) Acte II, scène 1, vers 395 à 426. Pour le commentaire… etudes-litteraires.com, accessed on January 6, 2009 (French).
  5. ^ Samuel Johnson: Lives of the English Poets . Ed .: George Birkbeck Hill. Smith-Savage / Clarendon Press, Oxford 1905, Rowe , p. 65 ff . (English, archive.org - Reprint: Hildesheim 1968).
  6. ↑ Michael Wenzel: Heroine Gallery - Beauty Gallery. Studies on the genesis and function of female portrait galleries 1470–1715 . Dissertation Philosophical-Historical Faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, note 259, p. 86 ( web document [ PS ; accessed January 6, 2009]).
personal data
SURNAME Rhodoguns
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rodoguns; Rodogyne (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Daughter of the Parthian King Mithridates Arsakes Philhellen, sister of King Phraates II and wife of the Seleucid king Demetrios Nikator
DATE OF BIRTH 2nd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 2nd century BC Chr.