Rikken Seiyūkai

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Party headquarters, around 1930

Rikken Seiyūkai ( Japanese 立 憲政 友 会 , dt. About: "Friends of the constitutional government" or "Constitutional Association of Political Friends"), later often abbreviated to Seiyūkai , was from its founding in 1900 by the politician Itō Hirobumi to her Dissolution and union with other parties in the one-party system of the Taisei Yokusankai in 1940 the leading Japanese party.

history

The party was founded in 1900 by Ito after his resignation as prime minister and resignation from the government in order to overcome the political blockade, which had arisen from the haggling parties in the government for cabinet positions, and to re-establish his power base. It tied in with the program of an older opposition party, the Kenseitō (about: "Constitutional Association"). Rikken Seiyūkai quickly won an absolute majority, but encountered opposition from the House of Lords to the planned reforms. Ito resigned from the party leadership in 1903. In the period that followed, the party provided numerous ministers and prime ministers , including the first "commoner" Prime Minister Hara Takashi in 1918 , who had given up his status as a samurai and headed the party from 1918 to 1921. The party initially represented liberal goals and encouraged parliamentary influence over the government. At the same time, it acted for the interests of the large landowners and less large companies.

In 1924, a conservative wing of the party split off as Seiyū Hontō ("True Seiyu Party"), but rejoined in 1926 after the former army leader , hardliner and expansionist Tanaka Giichi became a party leader in 1925 (and from 1927 Prime Minister) despite a misappropriation scandal was. From that time on, the party was considered closely associated with the military. Since 1932, her influence has been diminished as a result of wing struggles and the disempowerment of parliament, and in 1940 she joined the one-party movement Taisei Yokusankai .

Many members of the party gathered in the Liberal Party after 1945 . This included its founder, the former Rikken Seiyukai MP, head of cabinet under Giichi, education minister and proponent of the annexation of China, Hatoyama Ichirō , who also founded the Liberal Democratic Party in 1955 and became its first chairman.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Weyrauch: The party landscape of East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2018, p. 28 ff., 57 .
  2. ^ Hans Peter Maruschke: Contributions to Japanese legal history. Berlin 2006, p. 205.
  3. ↑ Harukata Takenaka: Failed Democratization in Prewar Japan. Stanford University Press 2014, p. 164.
  4. ↑ Thomas Weyrauch: The party landscape of East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2018, p. 76 .

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