Ringelmann scale
The Ringelmann Scale (also Ringelmann Chart or Ringelmann Smoke Chart ) is a scale for the opacity of smoke or dust . It was developed in 1898 by Maximilien Ringelmann (1861–1931, from 1888 professor of agricultural engineering at the French National Research Institute for Agriculture in Paris ( Institut National Agronomique ) and head of the Station d'Essais de Machines ).
application
The scale is a gray value scale that moves as an integer between the values 0 (white) and 5 (black), whereby the proportion of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% black is assigned to gray values 1 to 4. Ringelmann realized this with a fine-meshed grid with appropriate line widths .
| Gray value | Black coloring | colour |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | 100% | black |
| 4th | 80% | dark gray |
| 3 | 60% | |
| 2 | 40% | |
| 1 | 20% | light gray |
| 0 | 0% | White |
The comparison of a plume of smoke with the scale held with an outstretched hand gives the gray value. In the past, efforts were made to ensure that the plume of smoke remained visible, since a disappearing plume of smoke was equated with too much excess air and thus with a waste of energy.
The Ringelmann scale was introduced in various countries for testing / assessing combustion systems and was also part of the ordinance on small and medium-sized combustion systems . In Germany, the Ringelmann scale no longer has any practical significance. In the standard EN 303 Part 5 Boilers for solid fuels, manually and automatically fed firing systems, nominal heat output up to 500 kW - terms, requirements, tests and labeling from 2012, however, reference is still made to them.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b C. Sager: Changing air pollution. In: water, air and soil. Volume 60, No. 3, 2016, pp. 14/15, ISSN 0938-8303
- ↑ a b c F. J. Dreyhaupt: VDI-Taschenlexikon Immissionsschutz . VDI-Verlag, ISBN 3-18-401570-X , p. 282.
- ↑ First ordinance for the implementation of the Federal Immission Control Act (ordinance on small and medium-sized combustion plants - 1st BImSchV)
- ↑ DIN EN 303-5: 2012-10 Boilers - Part 5 : Boilers for solid fuels, manually and automatically fed furnaces, nominal heat output up to 500 kW - Terms, requirements, tests and labeling; German version EN 303-5: 2012. Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 68.