Ordinance on small and medium-sized combustion systems

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Basic data
Title: First regulation to implement the Federal Immission Control Act
Short title: Ordinance on small and medium-sized combustion systems
Previous title: Ordinance on combustion systems
Abbreviation: 1. BImSchV
Type: Federal Ordinance
Scope: Federal Republic of Germany
Issued on the basis of: Section 23 (1) and Section 59 of the BImSchG
Legal matter: Environmental law
References : 2129-8-1-3
Original version from: August 28, 1974
( BGBl. I p. 2121 )
Entry into force on: predominantly 1st October 1974
New announcement from: March 14, 1997
( BGBl. I p. 490 )
Last revision from: January 26, 2010
( Federal Law Gazette I p. 38 )
Entry into force of the
new version on: 		March 22, 2010
Last change by: Art. 105 VO of June 19, 2020
( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1328, 1340 )
Effective date of the
last change: 		June 27, 2020
(Art. 361 of June 19, 2020)
Please note the note on the applicable legal version.

The ordinance on small and medium-sized combustion systems ( 1st BImSchV ) regulates the operation of combustion systems in Germany that are not subject to the licensing requirement of § 4  BImSchG ; these are mainly small heating systems in the domestic area. The 1st BImSchV makes an important contribution to reducing the air pollution that usually occurs in the immediate vicinity of the combustion system - due to the regularly very low deflection height. Another aim of the regulation is to promote more efficient energy use.

history

The first version of the ordinance dates from 1974. It primarily contained requirements on dust and carbon monoxide emissions from systems for wood , coal and heating oil . In an amendment in 1997, requirements for exhaust gas losses - i.e. heat losses via the exhaust gas - were added. The last comprehensive amendment to the ordinance was passed by the Bundestag in December 2009 and came into force on March 22, 2010. With this amendment, the requirements for plants that burn solid fuels were revised. The following important changes have been made:

  • An adaptation to the improved state of the art of emission reduction in solid fuel systems has been made (§4, §5);
  • Dust and carbon monoxide limit values ​​for existing and newly built single room firing systems were stipulated and evidence of compliance with them was regulated (Section 4, Appendix 4);
  • Transitional periods for plants that do not comply with the limit values ​​have been set; a transitional operation for old systems up to 15 years is specified (§25, §26);
  • Modalities for the burning of grain that cannot be used as food were regulated for the first time (§3, §5);
  • The inspection obligations for solid fuel combustion systems have been expanded, those for gas and oil combustion systems have been reduced;

Important content

Fuels

The ordinance contains a list of fuels that may be used in the systems concerned (Section 3 (1)). This is to prevent that unsuitable fuels - z. B. treated wood or other waste - high pollutant emissions arise. For example, different types of brown and hard coal, wood in the form of logs, wood briquettes and wood pellets, natural gas , EL heating oil and liquid gas , but also biogas and hydrogen are permitted . Some fuels may only be used under certain conditions. Only wood processing companies are allowed to burn certain treated wood. Straw and grain may only be used if limit values ​​for emissions of nitrogen oxides as well as dioxins, furans and PAHs have been observed during a type test .

Maintaining these provisions on permitted fuels is not permitted in view of Regulation (EU) 2015/1189 .

Emission limit values

Single room heating systems

For stoves that primarily heat the room in which they are located, i.e. for single- room firing systems, limit values ​​apply to carbon monoxide and dust emissions as well as a minimum level of efficiency. Compliance with these values ​​is verified in a type test before a device type comes onto the market. Measurements after installation are not provided. In the last amendment, two limit value levels were set, level 1 came into effect in 2010, the more demanding level 2 on January 1, 2015.

Other combustion systems

For other, i.e. not just the room in which they are located, heating systems such as boilers, different limit values ​​apply depending on age and nominal heat output, which must be regularly monitored by a chimney sweep:

  • Gas and oil firing systems have to comply with limit values ​​for exhaust gas loss, i.e. for the heat that is lost through the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas loss is an important but not the only factor influencing the efficiency of a combustion system. It is only with condensing boilers that the flue gas loss cannot be measured regularly. Limits for the soot number , a measure for soot formation , also apply to oil firing systems . A measurement of exhaust gas loss and possibly soot number takes place every three years for systems that are younger than 12 years, and then every two years. Compliance with limit values ​​for nitrogen oxides must be demonstrated during the type test.
  • Solid fuel systems must comply with limit values ​​for carbon monoxide and dust emissions. A first limit value level came into effect on March 22, 2010, and a second, more demanding level on January 1, 2015.

Maintaining the provisions on the checking of the proper operation of the combustion systems by chimney sweeps (§§ 14 and 15) is not permitted in view of Regulation (EU) 2015/1189.

Transitional arrangements

After the expiry of the transition period, new requirements also apply to systems that were built before the last amendment came into force. This affects wood and coal boilers, which, depending on their age, must comply with the limit values ​​of level 1 between 2015 and 2025, as well as individual room firing systems, for which new requirements also apply after the expiry of transition periods.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See § 3 (fuels) or Annex 4 (requirements for type testing) of the 1st BImSchV.
  2. ↑ a b Article 2 of Decision (EU) 2020/654 of May 13, 2020.
  3. ↑ Section 4, Paragraph 3 and Appendix 4
  4. ↑ §5 and for exhaust gas losses §10