Rotavirus vaccine

The rotavirus

A rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine against infections with rotaviruses .

properties

The Rotavirusa vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine and today consists of five vaccine strains ( RV5 , RotaTeq ) of the most frequently circulating serotypes or one vaccine strain ( RV1 , Rotarix ). RV5 contains 2 million pfu of each vaccine strain.

The rotavirus vaccine is on the World Health Organization's list of Essential Medicines .

The first rotavirus vaccine was approved in the US in 1988. The first vaccine strains were derived from domestic cattle and rhesus monkeys , but did not produce reliable immunity . In 1998, another vaccine with four vaccine strains ( RRV-TV , Rotashield ) was approved in the USA , which was withdrawn from the market after one year due to an increased risk of intussusception . From 2006 the current strains were approved.

Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding can have a diminishing effect on the effectiveness of the vaccination. The exact causes have not yet been clarified. The RV-specific IgA antibodies found in breast milk may neutralize the live viruses in the vaccine, which reduces the protective effect of the vaccine. It is also postulated that the lactoferrin found in breast milk and, to a lesser extent, the lactadherin have an inhibitory activity against RV.

Therefore, if vaccination is required, it is recommended to refrain from breastfeeding before and during the RV vaccination or not to breastfeed for at least one hour before or after the vaccination.

immunology

The vaccine is usually given twice as an oral vaccination . After vaccination, vaccinated people develop measurable titers for neutralizing antibodies that protect against re-infection with rotaviruses. The neutralizing antibodies are directed against the capsid protein VP7 and the receptor VP4 . RV5 contains four vaccine strains each with a serotype of VP7 (G1 to G4) from human rotaviruses and VP4 (type P7) from a bovine rotavirus as well as a vaccine strain with VP7 (serotype G6) from a bovine rotavirus and VP4 (type P1A) from a human rotavirus.

Circoviruses

In 2010, US approval for both rotavirus vaccines was suspended for two months after DNA from porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 was found in both preparations . Since porcine circoviruses do not cause disease in humans, the exposure has been lifted.

Trade names

Trade names for rotavirus vaccines are e.g. B. RotaTeq and Rotarix .

literature

• DM Knipe, Peter M. Howley , DE Griffin, (Eds.): Fields Virology. 5th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2007, ISBN 978-0-7817-6060-7 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention : CDC Pink Book: Rotavirus . (PDF file)
2. ^ WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. (PDF) In: WHO. 2019, accessed April 4, 2020 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Communication from the Standing Vaccination Commission (STIKO) at the Robert Koch Institute - FAQ on rotavirus vaccination and breastfeeding . In: Epidemiological Bulletin . No. 39/2013 . Robert Koch Institute (RKI) , September 30, 2013, p. 400 ( rki.de [PDF; 130 kB ; accessed on April 2, 2020]).
4. ↑ RKI - Vaccination Topics A - Z - Advice on reducing pain and stress when vaccinating. August 2018, accessed November 7, 2019 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b} U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Update on Recommendations for the Use of Rotavirus Vaccines . Retrieved July 13, 2012.
6. ↑ FDA's MedWatch Safety Alerts: May 2010 Rotarix Vaccine Suspension Lifted

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