Oral vaccination

Oral vaccination in kindergarten (1960)

The oral vaccine is a vaccination with a vaccine , which is taken orally.

application

The vaccine usually consists of functional but weakened pathogens ( live vaccine ) that cannot trigger the disease in immunocompetent people, e.g. B. due to an attenuation . Oral vaccinations are available against polio , typhoid , tuberculosis , cholera , rotavirus diseases and the like. a.

Oral vaccines are used both as immunogenic vaccines for generating an immune response and as tolerogenic vaccines for desensitization .

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of oral vaccination are that the vaccine does not have to be injected and is cheaper to produce. Therefore it is often used for mass vaccinations. In the past, in the Federal Republic of Germany - where there is no compulsory vaccination , only official vaccination recommendations apply - the slogan "Oral vaccination is sweet - polio is cruel" advertised participation in oral polio vaccination.

Disadvantages are that the oral vaccine becomes less effective if gastrointestinal infections or diarrhea are present at the same time or if the patient is taking certain antibiotics . Oral live vaccines are also often not suitable for immunocompromised people, as, as with other live vaccines, in rare cases a disease can be triggered by the vaccine pathogen , which is referred to as the reversion of the weakened pathogen to the wild-type pathogen . For this reason, the oral vaccine against polio has not been used in Europe since 1999, because after polio was eradicated in Europe, polio infections occasionally occurred as a result of this oral vaccination.

Web links

Wiktionary: Oral vaccination - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Oral vaccination is sweet, polio is cruel, and post-polio syndrome is bitter

Individual evidence

^ A. Azizi, A. Kumar, F. Diaz-Mitoma, J. Mestecky: Enhancing oral vaccine potency by targeting intestinal M cells. In: PLoS pathogens. Volume 6, Number 11, 2010, p. E1001147, ISSN 1553-7374 . doi : 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1001147 . PMID 21085599 . PMC 2978714 (free full text) (English).

↑ MB Sztein: Cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses elicited by attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi strains used as live oral vaccines in humans. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases . Volume 45 Suppl 1, July 2007, pp. S15-S19, ISSN 1537-6591 . doi : 10.1086 / 518140 . PMID 17582562 . PDF ( Memento from December 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).

^ TC Benévolo-de-Andrade, R. Monteiro-Maia, C. Cosgrove, LR Castello-Branco: BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro: an oral vaccine against tuberculosis review. In: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Volume 100, Number 5, August 2005, pp. 459-465, ISSN 0074-0276 . PMID 16184220 . PDF (English).

^ S. Shin, SN Desai, BK Sah, JD Clemens: Oral vaccines against cholera. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases . Volume 52, Number 11, June 2011, pp. 1343-1349, ISSN 1537-6591 . doi : 10.1093 / cid / cir141 . PMID 21498389 . PDF (English).

↑ T. Nochi, H. Takagi, Y. Yuki, L. Yang, T. Masumura, M. Mejima, U. Nakanishi, A. Matsumura, A. Uozumi, T. Hiroi, S. Morita, K. Tanaka, F. Takaiwa, H. Kiyono: Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain and needle-free vaccination. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 104, Number 26, June 2007, pp. 10986-10991, ISSN 1091-6490 . doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0703766104 . PMID 17573530 . PMC 1904174 (free full text) (English).

↑ F. Takaiwa: Seed-based oral vaccines as allergen-specific immunotherapies. In: Human vaccines. Volume 7, Number 3, March 2011, pp. 357-366, ISSN 1554-8619 . PMID 21358268 . PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) (English).@1@ 2

^ A. Tonks: Oral vaccines: A spoonful of antigen. In: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). Volume 335, Number 7612, July 2007, pp. 180-182, ISSN 1756-1833 . doi : 10.1136 / bmj.39275.480000.AD . PMID 17656541 . PMC 1934445 (free full text) (English).

↑ Gesundheit.de: Polio: Why injections instead of oral vaccinations?

[1] A. Azizi, A. Kumar, F. Diaz-Mitoma, J. Mestecky: Enhancing oral vaccine potency by targeting intestinal M cells. In: PLoS pathogens. Volume 6, Number 11, 2010, p. E1001147, ISSN 1553-7374 . doi : 10.1371 / journal.ppat.1001147 . PMID 21085599 . PMC 2978714 (free full text) (English).

[2] MB Sztein: Cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses elicited by attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi strains used as live oral vaccines in humans. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases . Volume 45 Suppl 1, July 2007, pp. S15-S19, ISSN 1537-6591 . doi : 10.1086 / 518140 . PMID 17582562 . PDF ( Memento from December 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).

[3] TC Benévolo-de-Andrade, R. Monteiro-Maia, C. Cosgrove, LR Castello-Branco: BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro: an oral vaccine against tuberculosis review. In: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Volume 100, Number 5, August 2005, pp. 459-465, ISSN 0074-0276 . PMID 16184220 . PDF (English).

[4] S. Shin, SN Desai, BK Sah, JD Clemens: Oral vaccines against cholera. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases . Volume 52, Number 11, June 2011, pp. 1343-1349, ISSN 1537-6591 . doi : 10.1093 / cid / cir141 . PMID 21498389 . PDF (English).

[5] T. Nochi, H. Takagi, Y. Yuki, L. Yang, T. Masumura, M. Mejima, U. Nakanishi, A. Matsumura, A. Uozumi, T. Hiroi, S. Morita, K. Tanaka, F. Takaiwa, H. Kiyono: Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain and needle-free vaccination. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 104, Number 26, June 2007, pp. 10986-10991, ISSN 1091-6490 . doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0703766104 . PMID 17573530 . PMC 1904174 (free full text) (English).