Runestone style

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The rune stone style is linked to the other artistic styles of the Viking Age

Runestone styles ( Swedish Runstensstilar ) is the parent term for the stylistic changes subject design of rune stones and related presentation carriers. Their design changed continuously from the early period of their appearance through the Viking Age to the early Middle Ages . On the first stones like the Kalleby rune stone it is very simple, but it soon refines. In the narrower sense, the term "rune stone style" is often used as a synonym for the last and most developed, probably also the most common Urnes style , while the overarching term is used for all style concepts on Nordic and English rune stones as well as the inscriptions from the same period on rock faces and boulders . Some common sub-styles which includes Jelling style , the Ringerike style , the Mammen style , the Vendelstil , the Gotland rune style, bird's eye view style ( swedish Fågelperspektiv , where the typical rune stones snake is illustrated in plan view) and the eldest of RAK style, which does not have any image parts and in which the tapes are made with smooth ends (rune stone from Kalleby). In addition, the rune design itself is subject to different design concepts.

Anne-Sophie Gräslund (born 1940) founded and dated a stylistic typology of rune stone ornamentation in the 1990s. Your system is widely accepted. The styles that cover the period from 980 to 1130 AD are:

  • RAK (980-1015), the style has no dragon heads ( Kalleby rune stone ). The ends of the runic ribbons are straight.
  • Fp (1010/1015 - 1040/1050), is characterized by rune ribbon ends ( rune stone from Gripsholm ) whose animal heads are shown from above.
  • at Pr1 to Pr5 (“Pr stands for profile”) the snake bands end in snake heads (angina) shown in the profile.
  • Pr1 and Pr2 (1010-1050); correspond to the older and younger Ringerike style ,
  • Pr3 to Pr5 (1050–1130) of the older, middle and younger phases of the Urnes style (U 871).
  • KB In the "Kreuzbandstil", ( Swedish corset band ), the snake band begins and ends in the cross. The local style in western Södermanland was not defined by Gräslund.

literature

  • Signe Horn Fuglesang: Swedish runestones of the eleventh century: ornament and dating. Runic inscriptions as sources of interdisciplinary research. Red. K. Düwel. Göttingen 1998. pp. 197-218.
  • Anne-Sophie Gräslund: Runstenar - om ornamentik och datering. Gate 23. Uppsala 1990.
  • Anne-Sophie Gräslund: Runstenar - om ornamentik och datering 2. Gate 24. Uppsala 1992.
  • Anne-Sophie Gräslund: The Late Viking Age runestones of Västergötland: On ornamentation and chronology. LAR 2014.
  • Peter Sawyer: The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997, ISBN 978-0-19-285434-6 .
  • Lennart Karlsson: Nordisk form, om djurornamentik. Statens Historiska Museum, studies 3, Nordisk Form, Srockholm 1983, ISBN 91-7192-572-4 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Urnes style can be found together with the Mammen style and the Ringerike style on the Bayeux Tapestry, among others.

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