Sabil Birkat as-Sultan
The Sabil Birkat as-Sultan or Sebil Birket Sultan ( Arabic سبيل بركة السلطان, DMG Sabil Birkat as-Sultan ) is an Ottoman fountain southwest of the city wall outside the old city of Jerusalem .
Surname
The Sabil Birkat as-Sultan or Sebil Birket Sultan got its name from the Sultan Basin (Birkat as-Sultan) , on whose southern dam it is located. Another name, Hinnom-Sabil , is derived from Hinnom Valley , in which the Sultan Basin and the Sabil are located. Sometimes there is also the name Sabil Süleimans the Magnificent after his builder Suleiman the Magnificent .
geography
The Sabil Birkat as-Sultan ⊙ is located on the southern dam of the Sultan Basin in the Hinnom Valley. The Hebron Street, which connects Jerusalem with Hebron, runs over this dam. The Hebron Road crosses the Hinnom Valley from east to west here. The fountain is on the north side of the street.
The Sabil Birkat as-Sultan is located about 300 m southwest of the southwest corner of the Jerusalem old city wall ⊙ . To the east of it rises the 765 m high mountain Zion ⊙ with the Dormition Abbey ⊙ , the David's tomb ⊙ , the Catholic cemetery with the grave of Oskar Schindler ⊙ and the Essen Gate ⊙ . To the west is the Yemin Moshe ⊙ residential area founded by Moses Montefiore . To the south, on the western slope of the Hinnom Valley, is the Jerusalem Cinematheque ⊙ .
description
The sable is framed by a rectangular frame. The edge of the frame is formed by a profiled bead decorated with keel arches . In the center of this frame is a gothic pointed arch , the tip of which touches the upper edge of the frame. It surrounds a recessed niche. There are round discs in the gussets . They replace the original and now lost rosettes . The pointed arch protrudes somewhat from the inner frame. It is decorated with ridges , keel arches and a sawtooth frieze inside . The field in the arch is designed with muqarnas to form a flat vault. There is an inscription underneath.
Four steps lead down to the base of the well. There, surrounded by a small, shallow niche, there is a hole from which the water used to emerge.
Existing elements from the time of the Crusaders were used to design the fountain . This was done on the one hand out of respect and appreciation for the architecture of this past time, on the other hand for reasons of cost savings.
inscription
The inscription is as follows:
“He ordered the construction of this blessed Sabil, our master, the Sultan, the greatest prince and the honorable Hakan who rules the nations, the Sultan of the countries of Rum , the Arabs and Persians, the Sultan Suleyman , the son of the Sultan Selim Khan May Allah preserve and continue his rule and his sultanate on the 10th of the month of Muharram in the year 943 (June 29th 1536). "
Water supply
The fountain of Suleyman the Magnificent or Sebil Birket Sultan was originally fed by the water from the Sultan's basin.
history
The fountain was built in 1536 under Suleiman the Magnificent. Stone carvings from the Crusader period and other stones that were found in the area during the restoration of the Sultan's basin were used for its construction. After the end of Suleiman's rule, the use of this well also ended.
The fountain was part of a larger system of about a dozen fountains built during the Ottoman period. These fountains were built along the pilgrimage route to the haram and near its gates. They provided the residents and pilgrims with drinking water free of charge.
literature
- Anthony Assetto, Cassidy Hobbs, Joshua Lessard, Judith Bing: Ottoman Sabils of Jerusalem , Drexel University, 2010 online, pdf
Web links
- La Fontaine Birka Sultan Sulaiman Short films show the Sabil Birkat as-Sultan and a walk through the Sultan Basin
- Les Fontaines overview of different Sabile of Jerusalem with explanatory films
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Ottoman Sabils of Jerusalem at drexel.edu. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ↑ The "Ottoman Fountain" in Jerusalem at theologische-links.de. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ^ A b Max Küchler : Jerusalem: A manual and study travel guide to the Holy City. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-50170-2 , p. 512, 1018, 1019.
- ↑ Sabil Birkat as-Sultan at OSM. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
- ↑ Vincent Lemire: La soif de Jérusalem , ED SORBONNE, 2011, ISBN 978-2859446598 , p. 207 download of the book as pdf possible at books.openedition.org. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
Map with all coordinates: