Samyama

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Samyama ( Sanskrit संयम saṃ-yama, " collection ") is a technical term in the theory of yoga and describes the unity of three contemplative exercises.

Origin and meaning

The origin of the term is the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali :

"1. Spatial bundling of consciousness is "concentration" ( Dharana ),
2. the tension in it directed towards one thing is "immersion" ( Dhyana ), if this only lights up in an appearance consisting of meaning,
3. in its own form, as it were, empty ( to be) is "enlightenment" ( Samadhi ),
these three combined into one is "Focusing the Consciousness" (Samyama) "

- Patanjali, YS 3

The combination of Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (immersion) and Samadhi ( enlightenment ) therefore has the goal of establishing unity with an (imagined) object.

Samyama is regularly used by yogis of various disciplines (e.g. Raja Yoga ).

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ Dt. according to Zimmermann, lc

literature

  • Yohanan Grinshpon: The Place and Meaning of the Siddhis and Samyama in the Yogasutra Tradition , Pennsylvania, Diss. 1995
  • KS Joshi: The concept of samyama in Patanjali's Yogasutras , in: Yoga-Mimamsa 8/2 (1965) - 9/5 (1966)
  • Nagendra Kumar Singh: Encyclopaedia of Hinduism , Anmol Publications PVT 1997, ISBN 8174881689 , p. 3396ff
  • Max E. Müller, Friedrich Max Müller : The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy , 1919, p. 350f
  • Stephen H. Phillips: The conflict of voluntarism and dualism in the Yogasūtra , Or how to get “Mukti” from metaphysics, in: Journal of Indian Philosophy 13/4 (1985), p. 399-414
  • SL Vinekar: The Concept of Samyama , in: Yoga-Mimamsa 9/4 (1967), p. 3-22
  • Ian Whicher: The Integrity of the Yoga Darsana: A Reconsideration of Classical Yoga , SUNY Press 1998,
    ISBN 0791438155 , p. 195–209ff and more

Web links

Wikisource: Patanjali: Aphorisms with commentary by Swami Vivekananda  - Sources and full texts (English)