Sara Nussbaum
Sara Nussbaum (born November 29, 1868 in Merzhausen ; † December 13, 1956 in Kassel ) was a German Red Cross sister and survivor of the Holocaust . In 1956 she was made an honorary citizen of the city of Kassel and honored posthumously with an honorary grave .
Life
Sara Nussbaum was born as the daughter of the teacher Jeisel Rothschild and his wife Lenchen Jaffa. On July 15, 1891, she married the furniture dealer Rudolf Nussbaum, whose residential and commercial building was on Schäfergasse in Kassel, near the large synagogue . The marriage resulted in a son (Julius * 1892) and two daughters (Sofie * 1895 and Caroline * 1900).
At first she helped her husband in the business and trained as a nurse. She then worked as a nurse in the Jewish community of Kassel . After the National Socialists came to power , Nussbaum was arrested by SA men on April 28, 1933 . Her husband, who defended himself against this, was seriously injured in the head and finally died in November 1934 as a result of this abuse. Her husband's business premises were completely destroyed in the attack. On September 2, 1942, Nussbaum was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . She immediately reported to the camp's typhus ward, which was constantly occupied with 40–50 patients. She often prevented the transport of fellow inmates to the Auschwitz extermination camp by incorrectly declaring them to be patients with typhus.
In January 1945, based on an agreement between the Swiss Federal President and Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler , which was negotiated and organized by the International Red Cross, she was allowed to travel to Switzerland by collective transport. After the end of the war, she returned to Kassel in 1946 and lived in modest circumstances, as she received no reparations. Sara Nussbaum died on December 13, 1956 after a short illness, after being made the first honorary citizen of the city of Kassel that year. She was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Kassel- Bettenhausen . Her and her husband's grave is one of only two honorary graves in the city's Jewish cemeteries.
A part of Sara Nussbaum's estate is preserved in the estate of her daughter Sofie Reckewell and can be viewed in the Foundation Archive of the German Women's Movement in Kassel.
Honors
- Jun. 19, 1956 - Honorary Citizen of the City of Kassel
- 1961 - The municipal kindergarten on part of the former synagogue site was named Sara-Nussbaum-Haus
- Honorary grave of the city of Kassel
- The Sara-Nussbaum-Platz in Kassel was named after her
- September 4, 2014 - Stumbling block for Sara Nussbaum
- The newly founded Jewish Museum and Event Center in Kassel is named after her as the “Sara Nussbaum Center for Jewish Life”.
literature
- Foundation Central Institute and Museum for Sepulchral Culture (Ed .; edited by Joachim Diefenbach and Dagmar Kuhle): City history in life stories. The honor graves of the city of Kassel. Biographies - portraits - graves. ; Working group Cemetery u. Monument, Kassel 2013, ISBN 9783924447526 .
- Uwe Feldner: Stadt-LEXIKON - (Almost) everything about KASSEL. Herkules Verlag, Kassel 2008, ISBN 3937924795 .
- Art. "I want to live in this city ..." - about the life of the Kassel Jewess Sara Nussbaum in: Hessische Heimat , 64th year 2014, issue 3, pp. 8-12.
Individual evidence
Web links
- Short biography on stadt-kassel.de
- Finding aid for part of Sara Nussbaum's estate in the estate of daughter Sofie Reckewell owned by the Archive of the German Women's Movement Foundation
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nussbaum, Sara |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German Red Cross sister and survivor of the Holocaust |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 29, 1868 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Merzhausen |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 13, 1956 |
| Place of death | kassel |