Sarcotoxin

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A sarcotoxin is a member of a group of antibacterial peptides and proteins from Sarcophaga flies, the Mediterranean fruit fly and some mainly non-symbiotic insects.

properties

Sarcotoxins were first isolated in 1983 in the Mixocoel of scavenging flies of the genus Sarcophaga ( Sarcophaga peregrina ). Sarcotoxins are secreted by the larvae to ward off bacteria .

Sarcotoxins of type I (IA, IB, IC, ID) bind the lipid A component in bacterial lipopolysaccharides and, with its 39 to 40 amino acids, has structural similarities to cecropin . They differ in only two to three amino acids. Type I sarcotoxins act as pore-forming toxins in bacteria .

Type II sarcotoxins (IIA, IIB, IIC) have approximately 270 amino acids. Type 2 sarcotoxins are structurally related to diptericins .

Type III sarcotoxins are peptides with a molecular weight of about seven kilodaltons .

Applications

Sarcotoxin IA has been used in transgenic tobacco plants to increase resistance to bacteria.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Vigneron, D. Charif, C. Vincent-Monégat, A. Vallier, F. Gavory, P. Wincker, A. Heddi: Host gene response to endosymbiont and pathogen in the cereal weevil Sitophilus oryzae. In: BMC microbiology. Volume 12 Suppl 1, 2012, p. S14, doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2180-12-S1-S14 , PMID 22375912 , PMC 3287511 (free full text).
  2. ^ H. Iwai, Y. Nakajima, S. Natori, Y. Arata, I. Shimada: Solution conformation of an antibacterial peptide, sarcotoxin IA, as determined by 1H-NMR. In: European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. Volume 217, Number 2, October 1993, pp. 639-644, PMID 8223606 .
  3. ↑ Okada M, Natori S: Mode of action of a bactericidal protein induced in the haemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh-fly) larvae . In: Biochem J . 222, No. 1, 1984, pp. 119-124. PMID 6383355 . PMC 1144151 (free full text).
  4. ↑ VS Skosyrev, EA Kulesskiy, AV Yakhnin, YV Temirov, LM Vinokurov: Expression of the recombinant antibacterial peptide sarcotoxin IA in Escherichia coli cells. In: Protein expression and purification. Volume 28, Number 2, April 2003, pp. 350-356, PMID 12699700 .
  5. ↑ K. Okemoto, Y. Nakajima, T. Fujioka, S. Natori: Participation of two N-terminal residues in LPS-neutralizing activity of sarcotoxin IA. In: Journal of biochemistry. Volume 131, Number 2, February 2002, pp. 277-281, PMID 11820943 .
  6. ↑ M. Okada, S. Natori: Ionophore activity of sarcotoxin I, a bactericidal protein of Sarcophaga peregrina. In: The Biochemical journal. Volume 229, Number 2, July 1985, pp. 453-458, PMID 3899107 , PMC 1145077 (free full text).
  7. ↑ K. Ando, ​​M. Okada, S. Natori: Purification of sarcotoxin II, antibacterial proteins of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae. In: Biochemistry. Volume 26, Number 1, January 1987, pp. 226-230, PMID 3103678 .
  8. ↑ K. Baba, M. Okada, T. Kawano, H. Komano, S. Natori: Purification of sarcotoxin III, a new antibacterial protein of Sarcophaga peregrina. In: Journal of biochemistry. Volume 102, Number 1, July 1987, pp. 69-74, PMID 3312185 .
  9. ↑ I. Mitsuhara, H. Matsufuru, M. Ohshima, H. Kaku, Y. Nakajima, N. Murai, S. Natori, Y. Ohashi: Induced expression of sarcotoxin IA enhanced host resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens Both in transgenic tobacco . In: Molecular plant-microbe interactions: MPMI. Volume 13, Number 8, August 2000, pp. 860-868, doi : 10.1094 / MPMI.2000.13.8.860 , PMID 10939257 .