Sound signal (shipping)
Sound signals in shipping are to be distinguished between sea shipping and inland shipping .
Maritime shipping
The sound signals of maritime shipping are defined internationally in the collision prevention rules (KVR, COLREGS) as danger signals , warning signals and maneuvering signals , in German waters they are also defined by the Maritime Traffic Regulations (SeeSchStrO), the Ems Estuary Shipping Regulations (EmsSchO) and the inland navigation regulations .
Signal transmitter
Signals are given with a "whistle" (historically: steam whistle also fog horn ); today it is mostly a typhon . As a further sounder in the fog z. B. for anchor laymen and landowners bell and gong prescribed.
Ships subject to German law must be equipped with sounders that have been tested by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) and have an approval number.
Car horns and the like are also permitted on ships and boats less than 12 m in length.
Ships over 20 m in length must also be equipped with a bell, over 100 m in length with a gong at the stern .
Sound duration
A short beep lasts about a second. A long tone ▇▇▇ lasts about four to six seconds.
Signals with reduced visibility
"Reduced visibility" means impaired vision due to fog, rain, and so on; There is not necessarily reduced visibility at night.
"Ships underway" are all ships that are not anchored, not moored and not lying on the ground; but they can drift without using the machine.
A vehicle is “unable to maneuver” if it cannot navigate as otherwise prescribed due to damage.
A vehicle is “handicapped” if it cannot navigate freely due to the nature of its use (e.g. a dredger ).
Ships in motion must emit the following signals at least every two minutes if visibility is poor:
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| long | ▇▇▇ | Machine vehicle moving through the water , at least every 2 minutes |
| long long | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ | Machine vehicle moving without driving through the water (i.e. drifting), at least every 2 minutes |
| long, short, short | ▇▇▇ ● ● | sailing, towing, pushing, non-maneuverable and draft-impaired vehicles in motion; Vehicles with restricted maneuverability and fishing are in motion or at anchor, at least every 2 minutes |
| long, short, short, short | ▇▇▇ ● ● ● | Towed / pushed vehicles following the signal from the towing / pushing vehicle |
| short, long, long | ● ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ | free moving ferry (continuously during the entire journey) |
| Single bell strikes | ? ? ? ? ... | Ferry that does not move freely (continuously during the entire journey) |
| unmistakable signal | ... | Vehicles less than 12 m in length that cannot emit the prescribed sound signals emit a powerful sound signal at least every 2 minutes that cannot be confused with others |
Anchor berth
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| long (at least 5 sec) | ? ... ? | Anchor berths from 20 m to 100 m in length give a bell signal for at least 5 s once per minute |
| long (at least 5 sec) | ? ... ? + gong | Anchor berths over 100 m in length emit a bell signal that lasts at least 5 s once per minute, immediately afterwards the bell will sound for at least 5 s at the stern |
| Whistle: short, long, short | ● ▇▇▇ ● | Every anchor berth is allowed to give the warning signal short, long, short with the whistle in order to draw the attention of an approaching vehicle. |
| unmistakable signal | ... | Vehicles with a length of less than 20 m that cannot emit the prescribed sound signals emit a powerful sound signal at least every 2 minutes, which cannot be confused |
Landowner
| signal | meaning |
|---|---|
| ? ? ? + ? ... ? + ? ? ? | Landowners up to 100 m in length 3 bells once per minute, 5 s rapid ringing of the bell followed by 3 bells |
| ? ? ? + ? ... ? + ? ? ? + gong | Property owners over 100 m in length 3 bells per minute, 5 s rapid ringing of the bell, 3 bells followed by 5 s rapid striking of the gong at the stern |
| unmistakable signal | Landowners with a length of less than 20 m, who cannot give the prescribed sound signals, emit a strong sound signal at least every 2 minutes that cannot be confused with others |
Maneuver signals
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| short | ● | I'm changing course to starboard |
| short, short | ● ● | I'm changing my course to port |
| short, short, short | ● ● ● | My machine goes backwards |
| 5 × short or more | ● ● ● ● ● ... | Risk of a collision, you have to evade! (very short tones) |
| long | ▇▇▇ | Attention! (e.g. at confusing bottlenecks, bends) - vehicles behind the bottleneck answer with "long" |
| long, long, short | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● | I want to overtake on your starboard side |
| long, long, short, short | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● ● | I want to overtake on your port side |
| long, short, long, short | ▇▇▇ ● ▇▇▇ ● | Answer from the person to be overtaken: I agree |
Danger and warning signals
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 × short, 3 × long, 3 × short | ● ● ● ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● ● ● | Emergency at sea ( Morse code "SOS") |
| Continuous tone | ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ ... | Distress at sea |
| long, 4 × short, long, 4 × short | ▇▇▇ ● ● ● ● ▇▇▇ ● ● ● ● | General warning and danger signal (if a vehicle endangers another or is endangered by it) |
| short, long, short, long ... | ● ▇▇▇▇ ● ▇▇▇▇ ● ▇▇▇▇ ... | Stay away signal (min. 15 min.) |
Other signals
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 × long, pause, 3 × long | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ break ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ | Shipping route closed |
| short, short, short, short | ● ● ● ● | Bridge, barrage, lock cannot be opened temporarily, interrupt your journey, wait for release |
| short, long, short, short | ● ▇▇▇ ● ● | Stop / stop immediately! (Request by a government vehicle, e.g. police) |
Inland shipping
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| long | ▇▇▇ | Caution |
| short | ● | I am heading to starboard |
| short, short | ● ● | I am setting my course to port |
| short, short, short | ● ● ● | My machine goes backwards |
| short, short, short, short | ● ● ● ● | I am unable to maneuver |
| short, short, short, short, short | ● ● ● ● ● | I cannot be overtaken |
| short, short, short, short, short, short ... | ● ● ● ● ● ● ... | Risk of collision (at least 6 very short tones) |
| long, long, long, long ...
Groups of chimes |
▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ...
? ... ? ? ... ? ? ... |
Distress signal (repeated long tones or groups of chimes) |
| short, long, short, long ... | ● ▇▇▇ ● ▇▇▇ ● ▇▇▇ ... | Stay away signal (min. 15 min.) |
Sound signals from large ships (excluding small vehicles)
| signal | meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| long short | ▇▇▇ ● | I turn over starboard |
| long, short, short | ▇▇▇ ● ● | I turn over port |
| long, long, short | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● | I want to overtake on your starboard side |
| long, long, short, short | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● ● | I want to overtake on your port side |
| long, long, long, short | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● | Port or side waterway; I want to set my course to starboard |
| long, long, long, short, short | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ● ● | Port or side waterway; I want to set my course to port |
| long, long, long | ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ ▇▇▇ | I want to cross |
See also
Web links
- Text of the collision avoidance rules
- Text of the Maritime Road Ordinance
- Text of the ordinance for the introduction of the shipping regulations for the Ems estuary
Individual evidence
- ↑ Important visual signals and sound signals of the inland waterways order, Reinschifffahrtspolizeiverordnung and Moselle shipping police ordinance. (No longer available online.) Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, archived from the original on December 10, 2016 ; Retrieved December 9, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
