Schapp (furniture)
Der (also: das) Schapp is a Low German word for closet . In the technical jargon of furniture history, it is used for large, two-door hall cabinets from the Baroque period from the Hanseatic region, mostly specified as Hamburger, Lübeck or Danziger Schapp .
On board a ship, a cupboard does not usually refer to a free-standing cupboard, but rather a locker, a drawer, an open compartment or a small room such as the radio room .
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The baroque furniture Schapp
The hall cabinet was developed as Hamburger Schapp , presumably based on Dutch models, around 1680 and described under this name in Senckeisen's book on Seulen as early as 1704. The structural innovation of this Hanseatic type of furniture is that it can be dismantled. Walls, doors and back walls are placed on the plinth box made in one piece; they are held in place by the cornice ; a principle that was recommended for reasons of weight and transport and which dominated the construction of wardrobes until the 20th century. The base usually stands on turned ball feet and is equipped with two drawers. Profiled, oval-shaped pads (“cushions”) fill the four fields of the front; in the early days they were framed by carvings on the doors and flanked by pilasters . The pilasters, the gussets of the door panels and the center of the cornice are often richly carved.
Similar types of hall cupboards have also been developed in other Hanseatic cities. Regional differences can be seen since the beginning of the 18th century in the variants "Danziger" and " Lübecker Schapp ". The Danziger Schapp has a crowning in the form of a trapezoidal gable, the Lübeck variant has a curved upper end, while Hamburg and its surrounding area retained the horizontal cornice. As a reliable proof of origin, however, these type features are only of limited use, especially the “Danzig” gable shape was widespread throughout the coastal area.
Walnut was used as the material for veneer and carving in the Hanseatic Schapps , oak was usually used as blind wood (this combination was mandatory for masterpieces), but other wood was also used in Danzig.
Hamburger Schapps were produced between around 1680 and 1750, simplified forms lasted longer, and in general the modeling of the furniture front in the 18th century was made flatter and more delicate. Since the middle of the 18th century (with more elaborate Schapps) the doors have had a curved upper edge, this movement typical of the Rococo is often answered by a crowning in the form of a vented gable . In this form, the hall cabinet was widespread everywhere between Bremen and Lübeck in the second half of the 18th century, but at the same time the Low German name disappears from the written sources and is replaced by the name closet .
A corner cupboard whose two sides are often richly decorated with carvings is called a Hörnschapp . It is typical of Dithmarschen in the 17th century .
literature
- Karl Schaefer : Hanseatische Schapps , Bremen 1925.
- Heinrich Kreisel: The Art of German Furniture . Vol. 1. From the beginnings to the high baroque. (Munich: Beck), 1968, pp. 222-230.
- Thomas Schürmann: Heirlooms: Evidence of rural living culture in the Elbe-Weser area . Landscape Association of the Former Duchies of Bremen and Verden, Stade 2002. ISBN 3931879100 , pp. 306–327.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bremen Lower Saxony Dictionary, 1767, keyword "Schapp".
- ↑ Sailing dictionary, 2015 edition sv Schapp
- ↑ Johann Christian Senckeisen's Architecture, Art and Seulen Book Leipzig 1704, p. 46.
- ^ J. Goos: Das Dithmarscher Hörnschap . In: Nordelbingen, 10th year, 1934.
- ↑ Hörnschapp: picture example