Stralsund Museum
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Stralsund Museum (until 2015: Kulturhistorisches Museum ) is the name of a museum in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund . It is headquartered in a former Dominican convent , the Katharinenkloster . Since 2015 the facility has been called the "Stralsund Museum".
Established in 1859 as the Provincial Museum for New Western Pomerania and Rügen , the museum is the oldest museum of its kind in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and presents extensive collections on folklore and cultural and art history in the Western Pomerania region . It houses both permanent exhibitions and special exhibitions on changing topics. The permanent exhibitions are dedicated to the prehistory and early history of the region as well as the history of the city. Special exhibitions deal primarily with the fine arts .
Concept and exhibitions
In addition to the early and urban history, the exhibitions in the former Katharinenkloster deal with the region's handicrafts - the Hiddenseer gold jewelery is to be mentioned here - the fine arts , mainly paintings by Caspar David Friedrich and Philipp Otto Runge , as well as historical children's toys. Faience from the Stralsund faience factory as well as paraments are also on display .
In the “Historisches Speicher” of the museum, another exhibition building on Böttcherstraße , the focus of the exhibition is on the folklore of Western Pomerania. Particular attention is paid to regional traditions . Particularly noteworthy are the furnishings on display, which mainly come from the area of the Darß peninsula and the Mönchgut and some of them date from the early years of the 20th century.
The naval museum on the island of Dänholm takes on the theme of the history of the navy in Stralsund and the surrounding area; Stralsund is considered the "cradle of the Prussian Navy".
Katharinenkloster (main building)
Various exhibitions are housed over three floors in the former Dominican monastery.
The permanent exhibition on prehistory and early history is one of the most important collections in the region. The regional settlement history is presented here. The exhibits include stone tools and ceramics. Three gold finds are presented: In addition to the Hiddenseer gold jewelry , this includes the gold rings from Peenemünde .
A lot of space is given to the presentation of the city history of Stralsund as a former Swedish city and as a Hanseatic and port city. Faience from the Stralsund faience factory , playing cards from the Stralsund playing card factory testify to the economic importance of Stralsund.
Prehistory and early history
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The exhibition on prehistory and early history is one of the most important of its kind in the region. Using archaeological finds, around 10,000 years of human history in the region of Western Pomerania and Rügen are presented.
The exhibition begins by depicting the post-glacial area that people invaded. Tools made from flint , bones and pieces of antler were mainly used for hunting and fishing. The exhibits are small flint tools as well as scrapers, core and disc axes. Tools made from bones and antlers come from the area around Drigge on Rügen.
With the transition to the Stone Age, the economy turned to agriculture. The devices made of flint, which were then also used to process the agricultural products and domestic animals, have already been ground. Hammer-like tools prove the use of drilling technology. Ceramics made from fired clay from the two ethnic groups living in the region have been preserved in their typical shapes and decorations. Exhibits came to the Stralsund Museum from Gingst and Nadelitz . The bronze processing is currently in the exhibition. In addition to the tools, weapons and jewelry have also been preserved.
Indigenous lawn iron ore deposits were used to improve tools from the beginning of the Iron Age. The Germanic tribes settling here were no longer dependent on the import of raw bronze. Grave goods such as stilt house urns in the exhibition testify to the possible shape of the residential buildings at that time.
As a result of exchange relationships, Roman provincial products came from the areas on the Rhine and Danube to the southern Baltic Sea. Grave finds show that some of the Germanic tribes now stood out from the community through special grave rites.
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The Germanic tribes almost completely left the region with the migration of peoples in the 3rd and 5th centuries; only a few documents still show the presence of smaller groups. In the 6th century Slavic tribes invaded the region and colonized it, while the remnants of the Germanic tribes were assimilated. Pomerania is the root of the left Ranen down. With the arrival of the Slavs, the appearance of the ceramics and tools on display also changed. The development can be traced from the initially hand-formed, coarse to decorated vessels made on the turntable. Excavations near Ralswiek , which had become an important maritime trading center, produced finds of large boats; A treasure trove of 2,000 Arab silver coins was also found. Relations with Scandinavia are documented in the painted gold objects on display. The Hiddenseer gold jewelry demonstrates the craftsmanship. In 1168 the independence of the Ranen after the feudal name by Jaromar I.
City history of Stralsund
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See: History of the Hanseatic City of Stralsund !
With a document dated October 31, 1234, Wizlaw I. Stralsund granted the city charter based on the Rostock model, that is, the town charter of Lübeck . The exhibition on the city's history from the 13th to the 18th century begins. Also on display is the confirmation of the town charter in 1240. Town seals of the town that soon came to economic power are also on display, as is the certificate of the Peace of Stralsund , which was signed in 1370 during the heyday of Stralsund. All the documents shown are facsimiles , the originals are kept in the Stralsund City Archives.
The oldest painted cityscape dates from 1583. It was completed by an unknown artist. The three parish churches St. Marien , St. Nikolai and St. Jakobi can be seen as well as the neighboring church of St. Katharinen, which is now used by the Marine Museum , and the church of St. Johannis, which is no longer there . The museum also owns a woodcut from 1550 from Sebastian Munster's Cosmographia .
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The cultural history museum also shows numerous former furnishings of the churches mentioned. A bronze lecture cross dates from around 1200. Two arm reliquaries from around 1400 as well as an oak crucifix decorated with rock crystals and studded with silver are also part of the exhibition. From St. Nikolai come a sculpture of Anna selbdritt and Saint Christopher and a Madonna enthroned . A wall cladding made of oak wood is exhibited from St. Jakobi, which contains 70 different patterns in folded ornamentation. The altar of the barbers from St. Nikolai from the second quarter of the 15th century shows pictures from the life of the Evangelist John .
The Stralsund Parament Treasure represents a significant collection. There are also other liturgical textiles such as an antependium from the 14th century.
The importance of Stralsund as an economic power shows in the resulting self-image of the citizens. In addition to the above-mentioned altar of the barbers, medieval seals also bear witness to this . The large collection of three-legged bronze cooking vessels called Grapen is almost unique. The collection of swords is also very extensive. Several imported goods, such as B. an Olifant from Portugal in the 15th century , prove the wealth of the Stralsund traders.
A heavily damaged fragment of the Lamentation of Christ from the 15th century bears witness to the “Stralsund church breaking” of 1525, a storm of almost 4,000 people on the churches and monasteries in Stralsund . A letter of indulgence from 1516 is on display, as is a painting by Derick Bargert from 1465 showing the Descent from the Cross .
The mayor of Stralsund, Bartholomäus Sastrow , wrote an autobiography that is one of the most important texts of its kind from the 16th century in German-speaking countries and is exhibited in the museum.
The Renaissance , from which only a few exhibits illustrating the city's history have survived, is represented by almost unique objects. Various liturgical implements and also the Barther Bible by Johannes Bugenhagen in Low German are part of it. A celestial globe based on Tycho Brahe and an atlas are also valuable testimonies from that time.
After defending the Wallenstein siege in 1628 with the help of the Swedes , Stralsund became part of the Scandinavian kingdom for almost 200 years. However, the peripheral location soon brought with it an economic downturn. Stralsund was part of the contested area in every armed conflict in Sweden on the mainland. The Swedish influence in architecture and handicrafts also brought handicraft progress, among other things with the north German hall cabinets, which can be seen in a hallway of the museum.
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The baroque room shows works of that time as well as a selection of so-called welcome cups. The Swedish influence also allowed the Stralsund faience manufacture as well as the Stralsund playing card factories to achieve economic success. Products from these important manufacturers are exhibited in the museum.
Significant objects in the exhibition come from the art collections of the Swedish Governor General Axel von Löwen , who bequeathed them to the city of Stralsund in his will in 1761.
At the beginning of the 19th century, faiences were replaced by English earthenware. The Empire room shows typical examples of furniture and furnishings. Proclamations, lodging certificates and seals bear witness to the French invasion of August 20, 1807 after a long siege of the city. Ferdinand von Schill's fight in May 1809 was a brief climax in history. The museum shows a death mask of the major killed in the fight on May 31, 1809 in Fährstrasse . The eleven Schill officers shot in Wesel are honored by a wooden plaque with ivory miniatures showing the portraits of the men. Part of Schill's original draft for his appeal to the Germans is also on display .
Ernst Moritz Arndt , who went to school in Stralsund and later worked there, was one of Schill's admirers. First editions of the writings Attempt at a History of Serfdom and Spirit of Time are issued by him. Philipp Otto Runges The Times of Day are just as much a part of the extensive collection as two works by Caspar David Friedrich ( Elbe landscape and landscape with a bridge ).
The time since Stralsund became part of Prussia , in 1815, lets you experience the Biedermeier room, among other things. Numerous pictures of the captain attest to the boom in seafaring at that time; In 1878 Stralsund had 219 sea vessels.
The time of socialism in Stralsund is documented in this thematic sequence by a living room designed in proper style with original furniture and fittings.
Fine arts, numismatics
A changing exhibition on the second floor is dedicated to the fine arts.
Numerous valuable paintings from the Axel von Löwens collection have become the property of the museum. This includes works by Crispin van den Broeck and Johann Heinrich Roos . The inventory also includes paintings by Jan Davidsz. de Heem , Erna Raabe and others graphics by Albrecht Dürer , Philipp Otto Runge , Max Pechstein , Rudolf Nehmer and Armin Münch are among the treasures of the museum.
Numerous portraits such as that of Philipp Melanchthon , Bogislaw XIV. , Carl von Hessen , Rudolf Baier , Otto Niemeyer-Holstein and some Stralsund mayors are also part of the collection.
The museum also has works by the Stralsund painters Erich Kliefert , Elisabeth Büchsel , Katharina Bamberg , Antonie Biel , Heinrich Lietz , Tom Beyer , Edith Dettmann , Siegfried Korth and others
The museum also owns extensive coin collections. Two collections in particular stand out: A coin collection known as the grammar school collection, which was bequeathed to the Stralsund grammar school in 1717 by the Swedish chancellery Christian von Staude, who was born in Stralsund and the son of the rector Johann Hieronymus Staude , comprises 1,072 coins, including 24 Greek, 42 Roman, 956 Roman imperial coins, 25 Byzantine coins. The museum collection comprises five sub-areas (coins of the Pomeranian dukes 1180 to 1637, coins of the Rügen princes 1200 to 1319, autonomous Stralsund coins until 1720, Swedish-Western Pomeranian coins from 1648 to 1815 and coins from 1815 to 1990).
Axel von Löwen's art collections also include important astronomical (long-focal telescopes and reflector telescopes ), nautical, artillery and field measuring instruments , among others by Jost Bürgi , Heinrich Stolle , John Marshall , Dollond , Jesse Ramsden , George Sterrop , Tobias Klieber , Nicolaus Goldmann and terrestrial and celestial globes by Willem Janszoon Blaeu and the Valk workshop in Amsterdam.
Marinemuseum Dänholm
The Danish Navy Museum on the island of Dänholm in Strelasund presents the history of Stralsund as the "cradle of the Prussian Navy" from a marine technical point of view. The Prussian Navy started there, later the area was used by the German Navy. A Mil Mi-8 T marine helicopter , a Project 131 torpedo speedboat and a launch are on display in the open space of the museum . There is also a memorial created by Georg Kolbe . Information on the history of the DLRG and underwater archeology is also provided.
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Museum house
The former shopkeeper's house, Mönchstrasse No. 38, is a “museum house” part of the cultural history museum and at the same time its largest exhibit. The more than 600 year old house, which was renovated with financial support from the German Foundation for Monument Protection , presents the life of merchants during the Hanseatic era , from the low basement to the hall and the Gothic elevator wheel under the roof, which is one of the oldest in Northern Europe.
Museum storage (until 2014)
Until February 2014, the Böttcherstraße 23 warehouse was a fourth museum location . Since 1984 it has hosted exhibitions on folklore. According to the places where the exhibited objects were found, a Darßer and Mönchguter parlor as well as a turner's workshop and a forge were set up.
The extensive toy exhibition that opened in the main building in 1950 was also housed there. It showed dollhouses , cuddly toys and other toys from 1850 to the present day, including dollhouses belonging to wealthy middle-class families. A three-storey doll's house dates back to around 1840. The furnishings showed the development of the architectural style and home decor. Other dollhouses on display date from the neo-renaissance period and the beginning of historicism. A doll's kitchen from the end of the 19th century was equipped with kitchen vessels made of pewter, brass, copper and stoneware. A puppet theater that was built from 1908 to 1917 has been part of the museum's collection since 1957. Dolls completed the picture. A lot of wooden toys were on display, including a Dutch windmill from 1920 with moving figures and a rider carousel from 1900. Models of steam engines were also part of the exhibition.
The collection included exhibits from the 19th and 20th centuries. With the exception of a few cupboards from the 18th century, furniture is mostly only from the 19th century. Sleeping benches and kitchen facilities testify to the life of the families, who mostly earned their income from seafaring or agriculture. Typical costumes were shown from Darß and the Mönchgut peninsula on Rügen.
From March 1, 2014, the Hanseatic City of Stralsund closed the museum store permanently to visitors.
history
The museum was founded in 1859 as a provincial museum for New Western Pomerania and Rügen by Rudolf Baier and also served as a research facility. Above all, the gift of the then Swedish Governor General Axel Graf von Löwen to the city of Stralsund can be seen as the foundation of a rich collection. Von Löwen bequeathed his extensive art collection to the city in his will in 1761 . In 1859, Baier was the first museum director to take over the unsorted collection with works from many different areas, mostly not from Stralsund and the surrounding area. At that time the new provincial museum, today the oldest museum in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , was still located in four rooms of the Stralsund town hall . The Hiddenseer gold jewelry and oil paintings on various subjects from von Löwens possession and the foundation of a Stralsunders were exhibited in the first room. The second room contained unsorted and uncategorized prehistoric finds, an Indian costume, furniture from the 17th and 18th centuries, hand tools and natural history pieces. Faience from Stralsund's production was on display in the fourth room. In 1896 Baier was able to move into new, larger rooms for the museum on Badenstrasse ; the city library is housed there today. After Baier's death in 1907, the museum was managed by different people. Only in 1919 was a full-time director appointed again, the philologist Fritz Adler .
In 1921 the city council decided to make the rooms of the former orphanage in the old Katharinenkloster available to the museum , in whose former cloister the museum was housed. In the same year, the museum called Stralsundisches Museum für Neuvorpommern and Rügen was placed under municipal administration. This secured funding from the city, province and museum association. In 1925 the Urban Culture exhibition moved to the first floor. With the support of the population of the region, especially from Mönchgut and Darss , tools, traditional costumes and other exhibits on folklore were acquired from the museum and exhibited on the second floor in 1927. In 1931 the transverse building, Mönchstrasse 27, was made available to the museum.
With the beginning of the Second World War, the expansion work on the museum was stopped. After the air raids on Lübeck and Rostock in 1942, a number of valuable exhibits were brought into the country. The museum, which is closed to visitors, survived the bombing raid on Stralsund on October 6, 1944, almost unscathed. Stralsund was handed over to the Red Army on May 1, 1945 almost without a fight , which saved the city from further destruction. From June 1945, the items that had been removed from the warehouse were checked and repatriation began. The medieval painting and sculpture that were first returned were undamaged and exhibited in the Remter . In addition, the urban culture department, which was reopened on November 9, 1946, was located on the first floor. The Folklore Department's holdings were very depleted; but again the calls for the completion of the collection were heard by the population and in July 1947 this department was reopened.
On April 24, 1949, the opening ceremony of the museum took place in the Remter. After Fritz Adler went to the western part of Germany, Käthe Rieck, who had been working at the museum since 1921, took over management in 1950 . The toy department opened in October 1950. In the same month, the museum received four more rooms from the former grammar school. The prehistoric and early historical collection and the exhibition on the city's history were set up there.
In 1973 the storage facility in Böttcherstrasse was assigned to the museum for use. After the renovation began in 1974, the first exhibition dedicated to folklore was opened there in 1984. The reason for the museum storage facility to be permanently closed to visitors on March 1, 2014, were building regulations for fire protection, the implementation of which was too costly for the city. In the course of the redesign of the permanent exhibition in St. Catherine's Monastery, it is to be examined to what extent exhibition contents can be transferred from the museum's store there. The city intends to vacate and sell the building.
The exhibition grounds were expanded in the 1980s and 1990s.
The director of the museum is currently Maren Heun .
literature
- Kulturhistorisches Museum Stralsund (ed.): Kulturhistorisches Museum Stralsund , 1989.
- Hanseatic City of Stralsund - The Lord Mayor (Ed.): Juliane von Fircks: The Stralsund Parament Treasure , Kulturhistorisches Museum, Stralsund 2006, ISBN 978-3-9805660-6-3 .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ https://webris.stralsund.de/buergerinfo/to0040.asp?__ksinr=1778 Agenda of the Stralsund citizenship meeting of September 17, 2015, item 12.4
- ^ Message from the Hanseatic City of Stralsund from February 6, 2014 .
- ↑ As of December 2018
Coordinates: 54 ° 18 '44.8 " N , 13 ° 5' 16.3" E