Johann Heinrich Roos
Johann Heinrich Roos (born September 29, 1631 in Otterberg ; † October 3, 1685 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German painter and graphic artist. He is considered one of the most important animal painters of the late 17th century.
Life
Roos was born the son of a painter and house painter and was baptized Lutheran on October 27th in Reipoltskirchen . In the course of the chaos of war, the family first moved to Zweibrücken and later to the Lower Rhine.
In 1647 Roos began an apprenticeship with the history painter Guilliam Dujardin in Amsterdam . There he had contact with his son Karel, who introduced him to a style that was shaped by Nicolaes Berchem and trips to Italy and France. Another teacher was probably Cornelis de Bie , whose work is largely unknown today. The animal and portrait painter Barend Graat is also mentioned as a teacher.
In 1651/52 Roos left the Netherlands. The frequent use of Italian motifs in his work allows the unproven assumption that he traveled to Italy. From 1653 he worked together with his brother Theodor Roos in Mainz. About a year later, the brothers followed a call to the court of Landgrave Ernst I (Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg) . Images with a religious theme were created.
In addition to works with biblical themes, Roos also created portraits during this period. In 1663, for example, he portrayed the Elector Johann Philipp von Schönborn in Mainz. In 1664, Elector Carl Ludwig Roos hired as court painter in Heidelberg. In addition to making portraits and landscapes, one of the tasks of an Electoral Palatinate court painter was to supervise the restoration of older paintings and painting work.
In October 1667 Roos moved with his wife and their children to Frankfurt am Main and settled there as a painter. In a short time he had great success with the Frankfurt patricians.
Johann Heinrich Roos died in 1685 at the age of 54 from the consequences of injuries sustained the day before in the fire of his house on the Zeil in Frankfurt.
In 1656 he married the pastor's daughter Anna Emmerich in St. Goar , who gave birth to the following children: Philipp Peter (* 1657), who later became known as an animal painter under the name Rosa da Tivoli , Maria Ester (* 1662), Johann Melchior (* 1663), Johanna Ester (* 1666), Susanna Barbara (* 1668), Franz Peter (* 1672) and Peter (1675). Philipp Peter Roos and Johann Melchior Roos , as well as his great-grandchildren Joseph Roos and Friedrich Müller, were well-known painters of their time.
Johann Heinrich Roos was the brother of the painter Theodor Roos .
plant
Since his apprenticeship in Amsterdam, at the latest, Johann Heinrich Roos regularly trained in front of nature. His numerous sketchbooks are filled with drawings of landscapes and again and again of grazing cattle and shepherd scenes . Mainly at the beginning of his artistic career, Johann Heinrich Roos dealt with religious topics. However, his contemporaries such as Joachim von Sandrart and Henrich Sebastian Hüsgen praised his mastery for his sensitive portraits and, above all, for his landscapes with excellent depictions of animals. Roos is considered one of the most important German animal painters of the late 17th century. Stylistically, he continued Dutch realism in Germany. What is striking is his depiction of animal bodies, which he often held in rather unusual positions such as back views. As a rule, he almost always followed the same compositional principle with a diagonal picture structure and filled it with varied variations of animal and landscape depictions. He took the architectural elements of his landscapes from his own sketches, including those of the Rhine Valley and Heidelberg, and engravings from ancient ruins, which at that time belonged to the basic equipment of a painting workshop.
Since 1660 Roos has also used his drawing skills in etching. 39 sheets of his are known. They mostly form series that were created between 1660 and 1671.
A selection of museums that own works by Johann Heinrich Roos: Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien , Gemäldegalerie Berlin , Alte Pinakothek Munich, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (Old Masters Gallery), Städelsches Kunstinstitut Frankfurt, Museum Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern , Lower Saxony State Museum , Hanover and LWL State Museum for Art and cultural history in Münster .
Auctions
- 1825 in Nuremberg : A goat with its young is lying by a wall, next to it is a goat. (drawn in a studbook)
literature
- Joseph Eduard Wessely : Roos, Johann Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 144 f.
- Hermann Jedding: The animal painter Johann Heinrich Roos , Studies on German Art History, Volume 311 [with a comprehensive bibliography for the period from 1660 to 1951], Strasbourg and Kehl 1955
- The animal painter Johann Heinrich Roos 1631–1685 - paintings, drawings, prints - on the 300th anniversary of death , exhib.-cat. Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern, Theodor-Zink-Museum Kaiserslautern 1985, text: G. Fiedler-Bender, H. Jedding, E. Hubala, H. Steinebrei, W. Stolte, Kaiserslautern 1985
- Roos - A German family of artists of the 17th century - directory of all drawings and etchings by Johann Heinrich, Theodor, Philipp Peter, Johann Melchior, Franz and Peter Roos in the possession of the Berlin Kupferstichkabinett , exhib.-cat. Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin 1986/87, edited by Margarete Jarchow, Berlin 1986
- The Roos family of painters in Germany , exhibition cat. Staatliches Museum Schwerin, Kunstsammlungen Schlösser und Garten 1997, edited by Kornelia von Berswordt-Wallrabe . Text and academic editing Kristina Hegner, Schwerin 1997
- Hermann Jedding: Johann Heinrich Roos - Works by a family of animal painters from the Palatinate in the galleries of Europe , Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1998
- Johann Heinrich Roos - Prints , exhib.-cat. (online) Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern 2006, publisher Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern, editing: Hanneke Heinemann. Kaiserslautern 2006 ( PDF ( Memento from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ))
Web links
- Literature by and about Johann Heinrich Roos in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Johann Heinrich Roos at Zeno.org .
- Memorial page on the homepage of the artist Michael Seyl
Individual evidence
- ↑ Siegmund thoes-Kössel: Views of the painter Friedrich Müller (1749-1825) . (Saarbrücker Contributions to Literary Studies 41). Röhrig, St. Ingbert 1993, p. 47.
- ↑ DIRECTORY OF THE v.DERSCHAUISCHE Kunstkabinett zu NÜRNBERG .... Nuremberg, at the obligated auctionator Schmidmer., 1825., 250 p., Directory of the rare art collections., 1825., Google Books, online , p. 71 and 72, (46.)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Roos, Johann Heinrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter and graphic artist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 29, 1631 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Otterberg |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 3, 1685 |
| Place of death | Frankfurt am Main |