St. Jakobi Church (Stralsund)

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St. Jakobi from above, Rügen in the background

The St. Jakobi Church (Church of St. Jakobi, Jakobikirche, also: Jacobi) in the West Pomeranian Hanseatic city of Stralsund was first mentioned in 1303 and is the youngest of the three Stralsund parish churches. It is currently used as a cultural church.

location

The Jakobikirche is located in a district that is surrounded by Heilgeiststraße , Papenstraße , Jakobiturmstraße and Jacobichorstraße . Originally, the church was surrounded by houses in the streets mentioned, most of which were destroyed or damaged in the bombing raid on Stralsund on October 6, 1944 . In 2006, a memorial for the victims of the 1986 Chernobyl reactor disaster was erected in the former churchyard, which is now a public park . In Quartier 33 in front of the church tower of St. Jakobi there has been an open space that has been used as a parking lot since it was destroyed during the Second World War and later demolished. From 2018 this quarter will be built with 17 new old town houses.

description

View through the interior to the east (April 2014)

The church is a three-nave, seven-bay pillar basilica with a straight choir and a tower in the west. Starting at the tower front, there are flanking five- bay side halls and chapels. The outer walls are built from brick bricks the size of a monastery .

history

The church is first mentioned in a document dated August 9, 1303, in which the rügen prince Sambor, the brother of Wizlaw III. , gave the councilors of the city of Stralsund the patronage of the school in Sankt Jakobi ("ius patronatus scole sancti jacobi eiusdem ..."). Apparently the church was under construction at this point. Usually the construction of the choir began; this was probably completed in 1321 and the church was already in use from then on, as the mention of a stone house in the churchyard suggests. Provisional arrangements are documented in 1324 and an officiating priest named Johannes Kranz for the year 1327. The oldest evidence in the church is two tombstones from 1331 and 1333.

For the further construction of the church in the 1340s pious Stralsund donated bricks : A Johannes Hundertmark is mentioned in 1347 with 1,000 donated bricks and a Heinrich Sommerstorp with 20,000 bricks. In the same year, the church's temporary structures bought 180 oak and fir trunks each 15 to 20 meters in length, as the liber memorialis testifies.

An inscription from 1351 on a wall pillar proves an altar consecration by the Camminer bishop . In the 1380s and 1390s, foundations were used to build chapels on the nave. Because of the poor subsoil, the western pillar was inclined, which is still there today.

Jakobikirche with Gothic spire (1647)

In a second construction phase at the end of the 14th / beginning of the 15th century, the roofs of the side aisles were lengthened and built on the north and south sides of the church between the existing buttress chapels. In the second half of the 15th century, the reconstruction of the church tower began, which will be completed around 1488. The western pillars of the first tower were included in the new building and became the eastern pillars of the new tower. Two new pillars were also erected. The old tower was removed down to the level of the central nave vault. In 1382 the tower of St. Mary's Church collapsed due to poor subsoil. This experience was probably taken into account when the new Jacobi tower was built. The sacristy was built in the middle of the 15th century .

During the defended siege of Stralsund by Wallenstein , the church was hit by 30 cannon balls. In 1650 and 1662 lightning struck the tower; when lightning struck in 1662, the wooden tower pyramid together with the Gothic spire and the four small side towers, the nave roof and the eastern ridge turret were destroyed; the church bells melted when the fire started. The roof beams in the north aisle and the tie rods in the choir were also affected by the fire and had to be replaced. The tower was given a baroque dome in the form it can still be seen today, as well as a newly cast bell made of three bronze bells. After the siege by the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm in 1678, the damage to the church was estimated at 20,000 guilders . In the Northern War in 1715, the Jakobikirche received at least 40 hits.

The 18th century brought Stralsund an economic boom, in which the parish churches of the city also participated thanks to generous donations. In the years 1733 to 1738 an organ with a remarkably rich organ front was installed. The main altar with the paintings Descent from the Cross and Ascension by Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder was created by the Stralsund cabinet maker Christoph Nathanael Freese in the years 1786 to 1788, and all portals were renewed during this time. In 1769 the weathercock was repaired and re-gilded. After Stralsund was occupied by the French, the Jakobikirche served as a horse stable and prison. The spire was repaired in 1819 and the church was whitewashed inside in 1821. From 1850 to 1868 the Jakobikirche was generally overhauled. Mettlach tiles were laid on the church floor and the interior was partially renewed. A choir screen with stucco of plaster came. The masonry was redesigned, brickwork with various motifs was attached to the windows and English slate was attached to the window sills . The year 1877 saw the consecration of an organ created by the Stralsund master organ builder Friedrich Albert Mehmel with four manuals and pedal and 69 stops. City architect Ernst von Haselberg had a vestibule built on the south portal in 1886. Gothic paintings uncovered in 1891 were documented and then had to be limed over instead of being restored because the financial means were insufficient for the restoration.

The copper roof of the south aisle was renewed in 1908. In 1917, during World War I , two church bells were donated from metal by the German people and melted down for weapons production. During the Second World War, the Prussian Ministry of Finance in Berlin had valuable interior furnishings dismantled to protect against the effects of the war and stored in Grimmen , Loitz and Tützpatz , including parts of the Mehmel organ from 1877. During the bombing raid on Stralsund on October 6, 1944 , the Jakobikirche was hit hard in the eleventh southern yoke. Hits in the surrounding buildings also contributed to the severe damage to the church. The roof covering of the south aisle was completely destroyed, the roof structure over the west half collapsed together with the belt arches. Slight roof damage occurred on the tower, the central nave and in the north aisle. All the windows in the tower area were destroyed. Fixed fixtures, parts of the stalls and the late Gothic and Baroque barriers were lost.

Looting of the church furnishings at the end of the war and in the following years resulted in further destruction. Scrap metal thieves stole organ pipes from the Mehmel organ (only the baroque parts of this were stored in 1943), wood from the chapels and chairs was stolen for heating.

In 1949, Hans Mascow prepared an appraisal of the existing church: After this, the first repair work began in the same year, carried out by the local company Albert Viernow. In 1951 the eastern chapel extension on the south side was restored. Iron girders were installed to secure the pillars, which had been crooked since construction began in the Middle Ages. Four struts were set up in the main nave. The sacristy was restored for church operations and the roof and windows were repaired. The vestibule of the south portal, built in 1886, was demolished in 1954. In 1955, the parish hall, which was built into the church tower on a false ceiling from 1950, was named after the Swedish king Gustav Adolf and was inaugurated. In 1957 the Jakobikirche received back the cultural property temporarily stored in St. Marien after the end of the war. When it was stored outside Stralsund during the war, some damage and losses occurred. During repair work on vaults in 1961, a vault on the north side collapsed. In 1964, the floor in the church interior was stiffened and made with cement.

A massive staircase was built in the southern tower area in 1969 and a false ceiling was inserted. A new entrance was built next to the southern staircase. This created three rooms for the archives of the Stralsund parishes. In the 1970s, the stocks were in church city archives stored, for example, was from September 1971 to October 1973 Here the Coronation altar before it was erected in the Marienkirche. From the 1980s, the building yard of what was then the Evangelical Church of Greifswald (today: Pomeranian Evangelical Church District ) set up in the nave. A five-meter-high partition wall protected the works of art stored in the chancel from damage caused by construction work. The construction company Eckhard Jaster, which emerged from the building yard after German reunification, used the church building as a warehouse and garage until 1994.

Since the construction company moved out in 1994, the church has been gradually renovated with the support of the German Foundation for Monument Protection . The Gustav-Adolf-Saal is being prepared for theater performances and equipped with a stage. Art fairs and other events take place in the church on special occasions. Two church bells with the striking notes a and c have been preserved but not renovated .

Culture

  • From April 2009 the graphic work by Friedensreich Hundertwasser was presented in the church. Rufus art GmbH from North Rhine-Westphalia provided over 100 objects, including graphics, posters, photos and textile art. The duration of the exhibition should be 10 years. Since May 21, 2011 this exhibition has been supplemented by pictures by Herman van Veen.

Dimensions

  • Length of the church: 72.30 meters
  • Width of the church: 25.10 meters
  • Length of the central nave: 47 meters
  • Height of the central nave: 24.60 meters
  • Height of the aisles: 16.10 meters
  • Tower height to the top: 68.10 meters
  • Tower height inside: 57 meters

Organs

Monument protection

The church is located in the core area of ​​the city ​​area recognized by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site of the “ historic old towns of Stralsund and Wismar ”. It is entered in the list of architectural monuments in Stralsund with the number 354.

local community

The Jakobi / Heilgeist congregation has been part of the Stralsund Propstei in the Pomeranian Evangelical Church District of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany since 2012 . Before that she belonged to the Stralsund parish of the Pomeranian Evangelical Church .

Clergy

literature

  • Förderverein St. Jakobikirche zu Stralsund eV (Ed.): The forgotten space. 700 years of St. Jakobi Stralsund. Mückenschwein Verlag, Stralsund 2003, ISBN 3-936311-12-9 .
  • Burkhard Kunkel: Work and Process. The visual artistic equipment of the Stralsund churches - a work history. Gebrüder Mann, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-7861-2588-4 .

Web links

Commons : Jakobikirche Stralsund  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stralsund 17 new townhouses in Quartier 33 , Ostsee-Zeitung , October 10, 2017
  2. ↑ Development plan no. 133: "At the Jakobikirche". Rationale for the preliminary draft, June 2017, stralsund.de (PDF)
  3. ↑ CG Fabricius 1862, Vol. 4, N 508; Pomeranian Document Book , Volume IV, 18902, 2104
  4. ↑ Bell concert of St. Nikolai and St. Jakobi on www.youtube.com.de, accessed on October 29, 2019.
  5. ↑ http://www.filmclub-blendwerk.de
  6. ^ Hundertwasser exhibition in Stralsund ( Memento from December 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 54 ° 18 ′ 47.7 "  N , 13 ° 5 ′ 34"  E