Shadow leaf snail
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Shadow leaf snail ( Urticicola umbrosus ) |
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| Urticicola umbrosus | ||||||||||||
| ( C. Pfeiffer , 1828) |
The shadow leaf snail ( Urticicola umbrosus ) is a species of snail from the family of leaf snails (Hygromiidae) from the order of land snails (Stylommatophora).
features
The adult case measures 5 to 7 mm in height and 10 to 13 mm in width (5.5 to 8 mm, 10 to 14 mm). It is low-conical, the underside is flattened. There are 4 to 5 passages with moderately deep sutures, which increase regularly. The whorls are well rounded, only the end turn is slightly shouldered and slightly reinforced on the periphery. The last turn falls sharply off the turn axis just before the mouth. The open navel takes up about 1/4 to 3/4 of the width of the case. It's deep and a little eccentric. The mouth is inclined to the growth axis of the turn and is clearly elliptical in cross section. It is flattened at the top and bottom. The rim of the mouth is thin and fragile. The whitish to sometimes slightly reddish lip is only weakly developed and slightly curved outwards. The housing is comparatively little variable.
The shell is relatively thin-walled and slightly translucent. Often you can see the coat structure and colors through the shell wall. The housing is slightly yellowish, brownish to reddish-brown in color. The surface has fine, blunt ribs and a fine knotty sculpture, with the knots following one another like a string of pearls. Juvenile animals still have hair on their shell, which when they fall off later creates the knot-like sculpture.
The soft body of the animal is gray and slightly orange on the head and back. The colors become lighter on the sides towards the foot, the foot is whitish. The tentacles are dark gray. The young animals are colored blue-gray.
In the hermaphroditic genital system, the free fallopian tube is much shorter than the vagina. The sperm library is rounded with a long, thick stem. The short, thick, club-shaped arrow sac arises from the front edge of the vagina. The 6 to 8 cylindrical branches of the glandulae mucosae , which can also branch, arise in the vagina between the base of the arrow sack and the attachment of the spermathek .
The vas deferens in the male genital tract is not very twisted. It flows into the epiphallus. At the point where the vas deferens enter the epiphallus, a very long, thread-like flagellum attaches. It is as long or slightly longer than the epiphallus and penis combined. The transition from the epiphallus to the penis is marked by a thickening. The penis is moderately long. The slender epiphallus is about as long as the penis or a little longer. The penile retractor muscle inserts on the last third of the epiphallus just before the transition to the penis.
Similar species
The striped hair snail ( Trochulus striolatus ) has a narrower navel and a more opaque shell. The sculpture is missing on the surface. The shaggy leaf snail ( Trochulus villosus ) is hairy on the surface of the shell and also has no sculpture.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The shadow leaf snail inhabits the herbaceous and shrub layers of moist deciduous forests in the mountains and in the hill country. It likely feeds on rotting plant matter, fruits, and fungi.
It occurs in the mountains of southeast Germany (Eastern Bavaria) and Eastern Germany (Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony), isolated near Biberach. The main distribution area is in the Eastern Alps and Carpathians, in Austria, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Slovenia, southern Poland, isolated in northern Poland, western Hungary, Croatia, Romania, western Ukraine and Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described as helix umbrosa in the work of Carl Jonas Pfeiffer in 1828 . He gave Paul Partsch as the author of the new kind. In the introduction, Pfeiffer writes that he did not collect all of the material himself, but that he relied on the helpful support of friends from outside. That Paul Partsch might have made the description is not stated in the introduction or the description. Carl Jonas Pfeiffer can therefore be seen as the author of the taxon, in contrast to Roman Egorov, who accepts Partsch as the author. Helix umbrosa is the type species of the genus Urticola Lindholm, 1928, which was originally introduced as a subgenus by Zenobiella Gude & BB Woodward, 1921. The species is generally recognized today; Urticicola as an independent genus. In older works the species is still listed in the genus Zenobiella or the genus Urticicola is treated as a subgenus of Zenobiella , as in Lindholm (1927) . The genus Zenobiella Gude & BB Woodward, 1921 is a more recent synonym by Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Kerney et al. lead them under the subgenus Perforatella (Monachoides) Gude & BB Woodward, 1921.
The sex of the genus Urticicola is masculine. Due to the a-ending of the genus, the species is also incorrectly found under the species name umbrosa (e.g. in Egorov, 2008).
Danger
According to Vollrath Wiese, the species is on the warning level in Germany. The species is not endangered across its entire range.
literature
- Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 212)
- Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 p., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 258/59)
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (hereinafter abbreviated as Welter-Schultes , Identification book with corresponding page number)
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 S., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (in the following abbreviated meadow, land snails with corresponding page number)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Welter-Schultes, Identification Book, p. 567.
- ↑ a b Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 pp., Bucharest 1983, pp. 463/64.
- ↑ Jörg Haferkorn; On the snail fauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) isolated alluvial forest fragments of the Elster-Luppe-Aue in Saxony-Anhalt. Hercynia NF, 35: 137-143, 2002 ISSN 0018-0637
- ^ A b c Roman Egorov: Treaure of Russian Shells. Illustrated catalog of the recent terrestrial molluscs of Russia and adjacent regions. Supplement 5. Moscow, 2008 ISSN 1025-2517, p. 93.
- ↑ a b IUCN Red List: Urticicola umbrosus
- ^ Carl Jonas Pfeiffer: Natural history of German land and fresh water mollusks. Third division. 1-84, Weimar. Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, 1828, p. 27 , plate 6, fig. 7 .
- ↑ a b c MolluscaBase: Urticicola umbrosus (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
- ↑ Wassili Adolfowitsch Lindholm: On the systematics and nomenclature of some helicides and their relatives. Archive for molluscology. 59 (2): 116-138, Frankfurt am Main 1927 PDF
- ^ Wiese, Landschnecken, p. 278.