Rail bonus

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The term rail bonus has different meanings in the transport sector:

noise protection

In the case of noise protection against rail traffic noise , the rail bonus refers to a correction factor that must be taken into account when determining the assessment level .

Germany

According to the Traffic Noise Protection Ordinance (16. BImSchV) of 1990, when calculating the assessment level for rail traffic, a value 5 dB (A) lower than for road traffic is used. This means that, compared to road traffic noise, noise protection measures on railways are only legally required if the assessment level is 5 dB (A) higher.

When planning the first new high-speed rail lines at the end of the 1970s, what was then the Deutsche Bundesbahn applied a rail bonus of 10 dB.

The correction value of 5 dB is based, among other things, on a field study from the late 1970s / early 1980s. Shunting yards and comparable facilities are excluded from the rail bonus.

In the field study and in further studies from the years between 1970 and 2000, the annoyance (as a psychological disturbance) of the annual mean level of rail traffic noise is compared with that of road traffic noise. In a comparative study from 2003, in which the results of previous studies were taken into account, the rail bonus was partially confirmed.

Assuming a linear dependency between the energetic mean of traffic noise and the noise breaks on the one hand, and the annoyance of traffic noise on the other, it was found that at values ​​above a stress limit (annual average level of 60 dB (A)), rail noise is perceived as less annoying than road traffic noise This effect is partially canceled out at lower noise levels. However, assuming other mathematical dependencies, a rail bonus cannot be recognized as justified. Since there is a difference between the individual, widely scattered pass-by levels and the annual mean level, especially in the case of rail traffic noise from freight trains, the above-mentioned linear dependency can no longer be confirmed.

As a result of the new version of Section 43 (2) of the Federal Immission Control Act , the rail bonus for newly initiated planning approval procedures for railways has been in effect since January 1, 2015 and will no longer apply to trams at the beginning of 2019.

According to an estimate by DB Netz, noise abatement over a length of 1,200 km would also be necessary on existing lines for the same level of noise protection.

Other countries

In Switzerland, according to the Noise Protection Ordinance (LSV), the rail bonus is legally stipulated with a level correction of between 5 and 15 dB (Appendix 4, Item 33 LSV) in favor of rail traffic. In Austria, as in Germany, the rail bonus is 5 dB ( Rail Traffic Noise Immission Control Ordinance ).

Acceptance advantage of rail-based means of transport

In connection with tram and light rail systems in local public transport , the term is used to describe the greater acceptance of rail-based means of transport compared to buses among passengers. Possible explanations are subjective driving comfort and greater options for action during the journey as well as a more memorable route that is perceived as more reliable.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Appendix 2, 16th BImSchV
  2. ^ Heinz Bubel: The technical design of the new lines of the Deutsche Bundesbahn . In: Der Eisenbahningenieur , 28 (1977), Issue 1, pp. 11-18.
  3. ↑ German Bundestag (ed.): Answer of the Federal Government to the minor question from the MPs Gustav Herzog, Sören Bartol, Uwe Beckmeyer, other MPs and the SPD parliamentary group - printed matter 17/2056 -: Measures to improve noise protection in land transport (PDF; 164 kB). Printed matter 17/2638 of July 26, 2010.
  4. ↑ Rudolf Schuemer and Ulrich Moehler: “Comparison of annoyance between rail and road traffic noise.” In: Schuemer, Schreckenberg, Felscher-Suhr (Hg): “Effects of rail and road traffic noise”, p. 78 ff.
  5. ↑ Dirk Windelberg: "Mathematical methods for evaluating and comparing surveys on traffic noise annoyance." DAGA 2010.
  6. ↑ Berthold Vogelsang and Dirk Windelberg: "Dose-effect relationship - mathematical considerations for various evaluations and evaluations." DAGA 2012.
  7. ↑ https://www.cducsu.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/schienenbonus-wird-abgeschaltet
  8. ↑ German Bundestag (Ed.): Answer of the Federal Government to the small question of the MPs Dr. Valerie Wilms, Dr. Anton Hofreiter, Cornelia Behm, other MPs and the parliamentary group ALLIANCE 90 / THE GREENS - Printed matter 17/6867 - (PDF; 98 kB) Printed matter 17/7050 from September 20, 2011.
  9. ↑ Katrin Dziekan: "Public Transport". In: O. Schwedes (ed.): “Transport Policy”. 2011, pp. 317, 328.

literature

  • Günther Hauck: Difference in annoyance between the noises of road traffic and rail traffic. In: magazine for noise abatement. 38, No. 6, 1991, ISSN  0174-1098 , pp. 162-166.
  • K. Jäger: New findings in the assessment of rail noise. In: Railway technical review. ETR. 52, issue 7/8, 2003, ISSN  0013-2845 , pp. 469-475.
  • Reinhold Kasch, Gesine Vogts: Rail bonus: There remain questions - will only the changed framework conditions lead to increasing numbers of passengers? In: Local transport. 20, No. 3, 2002, ISSN  0722-8287 , pp. 39-43.
  • Manfred Liepert, Ulrich Moehler, Dirk Schreckenberg, Rudolf Schümer, Hugo Fastl: Annoyance from rail and road traffic noise with high pass-by frequencies, results of a field and laboratory study. In: Hugo Fastl, Markus Fruhmann (ed.): Acoustics Progress - DAGA '05. Plenary lectures and specialist contributions to the 31st annual conference for acoustics. German Society for Acoustics, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-9808659-1-6 , pp. 369-370.
  • Matthias Rombach: Rail traffic noise as a legal problem. Kovač, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8300-4679-0 ( Series of publications Studies on Planning and Traffic Law 6), (Also: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 2009).
  • Rudolf Schümer, Dirk Schreckenberg, Ute Felscher-Suhr: Effects of rail and road traffic noise. Zeus GmbH, Bochum 2003.
  • R. Schümer, A. Schümer-Kohrs: Annoyance from rail traffic noise in comparison to other noise sources - overview of research results. In: magazine for noise abatement. 38, No. 6, 1991, pp. 1-9.
  • Mareike Schulz, Chajim Meinhold: Quantification of the rail bonus - measurement of customer benefit using choice-based conjoint analysis. In: Local transport. 21, No. 6, 2003, pp. 26-29.
  • Dirk Windelberg: Wake-up level and noise breaks for rail and aircraft noise. In: Immissionsschutz. 9, 2004, ISSN  1430-9262 , pp. 114-124.
  • Dirk Windelberg: Mathematical procedures for evaluating and comparing surveys on traffic noise annoyance. In: Acoustics Progress DAGA 2010. 36th German Annual Conference for Acoustics, March 15-18 , 2010 in Berlin. Volume 1. German Society for Acoustics, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-9808659-8-2 , pp. 475–476 ( Advances in Acoustics 36), online (PDF; 8.66 MB) .