Working copy

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Scene of a digitally created working copy . The timecode on the left begins with the label of the film roll; on the right the key code .

The working copy (English: workprint ) is the first available copy material of the original picture and sound recordings, from which the film editor, film director and / or film producer build and edit the film. The approved rough cut version of a film , which is revised up to the final version as part of the fine cut , is called the cut copy.

The working copy consists of the patterns, which are the first positives from the original camera or replay of the sound. Working copies are normally not made available to the public and are destroyed after mixing.

Traditionally, picture and sound consist of motion picture film and magnetic film . There is usually one picture strip and three sound strips for dialogue , noises and music . The working copy is full of marks and splices . In order to obtain showable strips, so-called set-offs, i.e. black and white duplicates on direct reversal film, are created from the working copy in large-scale productions. Such a film brings with it inadequate contrast, but it can be processed with a normal positive developer, which means that a copy is correspondingly inexpensive. The technicians involved with the music and its synchronization with the image, as well as trick specialists for complex scenes, receive a copy. Today, working copies are usually digital files.

Working copies are occasionally sources of illegal pre-release of films on the Internet , for example in file sharing networks . While the film material is of high quality, effects and post-processing may be missing; the film running time is often still shown in the image. In 2005, the release of a working copy of the film Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith , which was released on Usenet at the theatrical release of the film, caused a stir . In 2009, the film X-Men Origins: Wolverine was stolen from the film studios about four weeks before it opened in theaters .

literature

  • Rudi Reinbold: Handbook of the film montage . Ed .: Hans Beller. Tr Verlagsunion GmbH, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-8058-2357-6 , “Practical Basics of Film Editing” or “No chance for chaos”.
  • Milton Lustig: Music Editing for Motion Pictures . Ed .: Hans Beller. Hastings House, New York 1980, ISBN 0-8038-4729-7 .

Web links

  • Working copy in the dictionary of film terms published by Bender-Verlag

Individual evidence

  1. Star Wars EP3 Workprint Leaked Online. Retrieved February 11, 2013 .
  2. X-Men Origins: Wolverine stolen and shared online. Retrieved February 11, 2013 .