Blacklist of invasive species

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The black list of invasive species (also known as warning lists ) is a colloquial term for projects on neobiota in various countries.

background

The globalized transport routes have consequences for the local biodiversity of many regions: Many species are brought into habitats by human influence (transport by airplanes, ships, etc.) in which they were not at home in our geological age. Some species also spread without direct help from humans due to changed climatic conditions. Often they initially find few predators or competitors in the newly populated regions and can spread rapidly.

The terminology for the phenomenon is very inconsistent: In the English-speaking world, terms such as invasive species or the like are mainly used, which are interpreted differently and do not differentiate between different groups of animals or characteristics of the species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) differentiates in its definitions between alien species and invasive alien species . Alien species are species that have been introduced into a foreign area through human influence. The attribute "invasive" is assigned to species that displace native species in their new habitat. As a long-term phenomenon, invasive species therefore play a greater role at the spatial level for the nature conservation assessment.

In ecological research there is a broad discourse on the effects, significance and valuation of this biogeographical phenomenon. The research branch of invasion biology has also developed. However, the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) clearly states its position in the foreword to the first black list in Germany: The deliberate importation and unintentional introduction of alien species represent an important cause of threat to biological diversity worldwide.

Black list in the European Union

The European Union published a list of invasive species in 2016 . It contains 37 animal and plant species. On July 13, 2017, the Commission published an implementing regulation to update the list of invasive alien species established last year (Brussels Update 28/2016). The list has been expanded to include another twelve species to now include 49 animal and plant species that are not native to the European continent and endanger the ecosystem. The twelve species are now subject to EU Regulation No. 1143/2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, which has been in force since January 1, 2015. The list now also includes, for example, the Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus), the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) or the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus).

Black lists in Germany

In Germany, the black list is a cross-taxon and transnational assessment concept for alien species in Central Europe. The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation has been issuing such lists since 2010 . The term “black list” is now out of date. The species are classified using the nature conservation invasiveness assessment, whereby certain criteria are used to check whether the species can be considered potentially invasive or invasive. In the case of species that are considered invasive, it is further graded whether the type is assigned to the warning list, the action list or the management list. For potentially invasive species, a distinction is made between an action list and a watch list, see also BfN scripts 401.

The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation has been working on lists for various taxonomic areas since 2010 . Lists for the following groups of species have appeared so far

- Vascular plants (2013), BfN-Skripten 325

- Vertebrates (2015), BfN scripts 409

- aquatic fungi, lower plants and invertebrates (2017), BfN-Skripten 458

Furthermore, in 2010 a “warning list” of animal and plant species not yet occurring in Germany was developed (BfN scripts 331). Based on advances in knowledge, but also because of the changing distribution and effects of alien species, the classifications are checked and adjusted at regular intervals.

Black lists of invasive fish for Germany and Austria

In 2010 the BfN published the first black list for invasive fish in Austria and Germany. The BfN script lists the classification results for 31 and 30 alien fish species for Germany and Austria, respectively.

Black list of vascular plants in Germany

A first classification of invasive vascular plants in Germany was drawn up as a second black list. It was published in 2013 as a warning list of invasive vascular plant species in Germany .

Black lists in Switzerland

The Swiss Commission for the Conservation of Wild Plants SKEW , founded in 1991, has been issuing lists of invasive neophytes and dangerous native poisonous plants (such as St. James's ragwort ) in Switzerland since 2008 . She also publishes posters on invasive neophytes for exhibitions, schools, etc. She also collects the finds of new invasive species in Switzerland.

Publications

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stefan Nehring, Franz Essl, Frank Klingenstein, Christelle Nowack, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Oliver Stöhr, Christian Wiesner, Christian Wolter: Black List of Invasive Species: System of Criteria and Black Lists of Invasive Fish for Germany and Austria. (PDF; 6.5 MB) p. 5.
  2. Spiegel, July 13, 2016
  3. Nehring et al .: Methodology of the nature conservation invasiveness assessment for alien species. In: BfN-Skripten 401. 2015, accessed on February 6, 2019 .
  4. Info Flora: Neophytes - Lists & Information Sheets