Black July

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Black July ( english Black July , Tamil கறுப்பு ஜூலை Karrupu July , Sinhala කළු ජූලිය Kalu Juliya ) is the common name for the anti- Tamil - pogrom during July 1983 in Sri Lanka . The immediate trigger for the riots was the killing of 12 soldiers by Tamil terrorists of the LTTE on July 23, 1983. This was preceded by the permanent declaration of a state of emergency, stricter anti-terror legislation and the suspension of the 1982 parliamentary elections by the government of the Sinhala politician Junius Richard Jayewardene , which resulted in an increase in disappearances and torture in captivity. It affected both Tamils ​​and Sinhalese, who were accused of supporting organizations classified as terrorist. This made the political climate very tense. After the bodies of the soldiers were transferred to Colombo, the pogrom began in the capital Colombo in the late evening hours of July 24, 1983 and spread throughout the country within just a few hours. For over seven days, Sinhalese mobs attacked, burned, looted, raped and killed Tamil civilians. More than 5,000 Tamils ​​were killed and 18,000 houses and businesses were destroyed. A total of 150,000 Tamils ​​lost their homes. A large part of the Tamil property fell into Sinhalese hands; some of the perpetrators were incited by politicians close to the government and members of the police and the military participate in the riots. The economic damage amounted to around 300 million US dollars . As a result, more than 100,000 Sri Lankan Tamils fled to other countries which are now known as the Tamil Diaspora . India has also sent several fleets to Sri Lanka to evacuate the Tamils ​​in the south and center and to bring them to the Tamil-dominated north of the republic. These events during July 1983 are now considered to have sparked the civil war in Sri Lanka . To date, the Sri Lankan government rejects a UN resolution to investigate human rights abuses on both sides in Sri Lanka, while the LTTE supported this project. Today, July 23rd is the Tamil day to commemorate the events of 1983.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 33 Years Ago Today; Sri Lanka's Black July: Borella, 24th Evening , Colombo Telegraph, June 24, 2016
  2. ^ A b Pavey Eleanor: The massacres in Sri Lanka during the Black July riots of 1983 . In: Encyclopedia of Mass Violence . May 13, 2008, ISSN  1961-9898 (English, online at sciencespo.fr - accessed April 27, 2017).
  3. ^ Conflict and Complexity: The Intensity of Domestic Violent Conflicts from a Systems Theory Perspective, Christoph Trinn
  4. ↑ Sri Lanka hushed horror , published in “AMNESTY - Magazine of Human Rights” from August 2013. Published by Amnesty International, Swiss section
  5. ^ Religion and Politics in South Asia, Ali Riaz
  6. ^ Lost Victory: The Rise & Fall of LTTE Supremo V. Prabhakaran, Raj K. Mehta
  7. ↑ Usha S Sri-Skanda-Rajah: Black July - Setting The Record Straight. Colombo Telegraph, July 25, 2016, accessed July 6, 2020 .
  8. ^ Diminishing Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific: Why Some Subside and Others Don't, Edward Aspinall, Robin Jeffrey, Anthony J. Regan
  9. ↑ Ritualizing on the Boundaries: Continuity and Innovation in the Tamil diaspora, Fred W. Clothey
  10. ↑ ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DAYS: START THE DAY WITH HISTORY, Steven Carol
  11. ↑ Amarnath Amarasingam : Black July: Remembering the 1983 Riots in Sri Lanka . In: The Huffington Post . July 23, 2011