Airborne dust

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Suspended particulate matter ( english suspended particulate matter ) is a term from the environmental protection and called "all surrounded by air particles in a given, undisturbed air flow." There are no uniformly defined size limits for airborne dust.

Differentiation from other terms

The term “airborne dust” is a synonym for the term “total suspended matter” used in occupational safety . There is no precise delimitation with regard to concentration, particle size distribution and material composition. However, some publications give different upper limits for the aerodynamic diameter with values ​​of 30 µm or 50 µm .

The " fine dust ", which is not defined in environmental protection, is a subset of the airborne dust .

meaning

Depending on its origin, suspended dust can consist of organic components and salts or also of metals, semi-metals and their compounds. At the same mass concentration, the particles contained in the airborne dust become increasingly important to health as the diameter decreases.

Together with the measurement of the dust precipitation , the recording of the suspended dust concentration serves to characterize the immission situation.

Air cleaning devices can be used to reduce airborne dust in indoor areas.

Metrological recording

There are continuous and discontinuous methods for measuring the airborne dust. It is usually done by separating the airborne dust on a glass fiber or membrane filter and the subsequent gravimetric , radiometric and photometric determination. The temporal resolution of such measurement methods is 24 to 48 hours.

Certain optical measuring methods such as scattered light photometry work without separation. Measured values ​​obtained with different methods can only be compared with one another to a limited extent.

The element concentration in the suspended dust can be determined by microwave pressure digestion of the sample material in an oxidizing acid mixture with subsequent graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry , mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma or optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DIN EN 12341: 2014-08 outside air; Gravimetric standard measuring method for the determination of the PM 10 or PM 2.5 mass concentration of the airborne dust; German version EN 12341: 2014. Beuth Verlag, Berlin. P. 10.
  2. ↑ VDI 2463 sheet 7: 2014-05 Measurement of particles; Detection of airborne dust and gaseous chemical compounds in outdoor and indoor air; Active sampling using a low-volume sampler (LVS) (Particulate matter measurement; Determination of suspended particulate matter and gaseous chemical compounds in ambient air and indoor air; Active sampling via low-volume sampler (LVS)). Beuth Verlag, Berlin. P. 3.
  3. ↑ a b c Markus Mattenklott, Norbert Höfert: Dusts at workplaces and in the environment - comparison of definitions. In: Hazardous substances - cleanliness. Air . 69, No. 4, 2009, ISSN  0949-8036 , pp. 127-129.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Franz Joseph Dreyhaupt (Ed.): VDI-Lexikon Umwelttechnik. VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-18-400891-6 , pp. 1050-1051.
  5. ↑ DIN EN 15445: 2008-04 Fugitive and diffuse emissions of general interest for industrial areas; Qualitative estimation of fugitive emission source strengths from immission measurements with the RDM (Reverse Dispersion Modeling) method; German version EN 15445: 2008. Beuth Verlag, Berlin. P. 5.
  6. ↑ VDI 4300 sheet 11: 2013-12 Measurement of indoor air pollution ; Measurement strategy for the detection of airborne particles in the interior; PM 2.5 fraction (Measurement of indoor air pollution; Measurement strategies for determination of airborne particles in indoor environment; Particles PM 2.5 fraction). Beuth Verlag, Berlin. P. 5.
  7. ^ Franz Joseph Dreyhaupt (ed.): VDI-Lexikon Umwelttechnik. VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-18-400891-6 , p. 474.
  8. ↑ VDI 2463 sheet 1: 1999-11 measurement of particles; Gravimetric determination of the mass concentration of particles in the outside air; Basics (Particulate matter measurement; Gravimetric determination of mass concentration of suspended particulate matter in ambient air; General principles). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 5.
  9. ↑ a b VDI 2267 sheet 1: 2012-10 Determination of substances on particles in the outside air; Measuring the element concentration after filter sampling; Determination of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V and Zn using graphite tube atomic absorption spectrometry (GF -AAS), optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Determination of suspended matter in ambient air; Measurement of the element concentration after sampling on filters; Determination of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V and Zn by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) , by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, pp. 2-4.
  10. ↑ a b Hartmut Finger, Ute Schneiderwind, Christof Asbach: Evaluation of mobile room air purification devices. In: Hazardous substances - cleanliness. Air. 75, No. 11/12, 2015, ISSN  0949-8036 , pp. 497-502.
  11. ↑ VDI 3790 sheet 1: 2015-07 environmental meteorology ; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Basics (Environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Fundamentals). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 16.
  12. ↑ VDI 4280 sheet 1: 2014-10 Planning of immission measurements ; General rules for air quality measurements (Planning of ambient air quality measurements; General rules). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 19.