Segyehwa

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Segyehwa Korean 세계화 is on the one hand the common Korean term for globalization and is made up of the words "segye" ( 세계 ) for "world, globe, globe" and the final syllable "hwa" ( 화 ) for "transformation" and on the other hand stands for one publicly used slogan in South Korea , which was coined in the years 1993-1998 by the government of Kim Young-sam ( 김영삼 ) and thus meant the so-called top-down reform of Kim, in which he developed his policy as a reaction to market liberalization global pressure aimed to rebuild the Korean economy.

history

Two days later, after attending the APEC summit in Indonesia on November 15, 1994 , then-President Kim Young-sam announced a globalization policy in order to make South Korea an economically strong nation. South Korea's Foreign Minister Han Sung-joo ( 한승주 ) had previously announced that he would create a new administration based on the five foundations that he called globalization, diversification, multidimensionality, regional cooperation and future-oriented orientation and that should serve the purpose of breaking away from dominance the bilateral relations with the United States to solve.

In December 1994 President Kim announced a cabinet reshuffle and reorganization of the administration. The former Economic Planning Board (EPB) was merged into the restructured Ministry of Finance and Economy (MOFE) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy was replaced by the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI). In the Blue House ( 청와대 ), the seat of government of the President, a planning committee has been set up for globalization issues and within the Government Globalization Committee (segyehwa chujin wiweonhoe ( 세계 추진 위웨 온회 )) formed, chaired by Prime Minister Lee Hong-koo ( 이홍구 took over). The committee was divided into various committees in which people from ministries, research institutes, universities, companies and civil society organizations contributed their expertise.

In two speeches by President Kim, which he gave on January 25, 1995 and March 23, 1995, he clarified his understanding of Segyehwa to the nation by making globalization a global trend with a “limitless world economy” and “limitless global competition ”And for South Korea this meant“ rationalization of all areas of life ”, with“ profound transformation of society ”.

The aim of Kim's policy was to:

  1. to create a first class nation
  2. rationalize all aspects of life,
  3. maintain national unity by overcoming class, regional and generational differences,
  4. to strengthen the national identity of Korea as the basis for successful globalization and
  5. to strengthen the sense of community with all of humanity.

To achieve these goals, it would be necessary to increase economic efficiency by promoting autonomy, competition and liberalization, said Kim.

In 1996, Kim announced the continuation of his Segyehwa policy by:

  1. the reform of the financial sector,
  2. a corporate reform that focused on ending dependence on the Jaebeol ( 재벌 ) (large family businesses),
  3. a labor reform with the aim of making the labor market more flexible,
  4. a public sector reform through streamlining and efficiency,
  5. a continuation of the shift from reliance on credit to encouraging foreign direct investment.

In Kim's eyes, all of these reforms were aimed at getting South Korea into the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which then happened in December 1996. But the announced radical reforms did not materialize and the Segyehwa remained as pure rhetoric when the Asian financial crisis shook South Korea in 1997 and resulted in a series of corporate bankruptcies , including Kia Motors as the most famous victim of the crisis. During Kim's tenure also increased the foreign debt of 43.9 billion US dollars in 1994 to 158 billion US dollars in 1997, while in the same period, the foreign exchange reserves of 20.2 billion dollars to 12.4 billion US Dollars fell.

When the Bank of Korea only had 8 billion US dollars in reserves and was threatened with bankruptcy, South Korea had to ask the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for help, which made its aid dependent on reforms. In February 1998 Kim Young-sam was voted out of office by presidential election and replaced by Kim Dae-jung ( 김대중 ), who pushed through the reforms demanded by the IMF. The term Segyehwa remained associated with the name Kim Young-sam.

However, according to the essay "Segyehwa: Globalization and Nationalism in Korea" by Hyun Ok Park , the term Segyehwa evokes a strong nationalist sentiment among Koreans and calls for national unity in order to survive and take the lead in the international community. The term represents a deterritorialized national community among Koreans, whereby a distinction is actually made between Kyopo (Koreans residing abroad) and Tongpo (blood relatives, compatriots), but Tongpo is used as an integrative and integrative concept, triggering brotherly and sisterly bonds and compassion. So it is also to be understood that the Korean government still wants to bind foreign Koreans to their home country through the offers of the Overseas Koreans Foundation (OKF) ( 재외 동포 재단 ) and thus strengthen the feeling of unity among them.

literature

  • Minjungs Korean-German Dictionary . Korean Society for German Studies, Seoul 1981, ISBN 978-89-387-0502-0 (Korean).
  • Tsuneo Akaha, Anna Vassilieva, among others : Crossing National Borders . Human Migration Issues in Northeast Asia . United Nations University Press , Tokyo 2005, ISBN 92-808-1117-7 (English, online [PDF; 2,3 MB ; accessed on November 2, 2019]).
  • Carl J. Saxer : Globalization as Policy: The South Korean Experience. . Asia Research Center - Copenhagen Business School , March 18, 2008 (English, Online [PDF; 276 kB ; accessed on November 2, 2019]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Minjungs Korean-German Dictionary . 1981, p.  1035, 2028 .
  2. ↑ What is Segyehwa . IGI Global , accessed October 17, 2019 .
  3. ^ Saxer : Globalization as Policy: The South Korean Experience. . 2008, p.  2 .
  4. ^ A b c d e Saxer : Globalization as Policy: The South Korean Experience. . 2008, p.  3 .
  5. ^ A b Saxer : Globalization as Policy: The South Korean Experience. . 2008, p.  4th f .
  6. ↑ Hyun Ok Park : Segyehwa: Globalization and Nationalism in Korea . In: The Journal . International Institute , 1996, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Akaha, Vassilieva : Crossing National Borders: Human Migration Issues in Northeast Asia . 2005, p.  199 .
  8. ↑ Homepage . Overseas Koreans Foundation , accessed November 2, 2019 (Korean).