Serratkuli

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Under Serratkuli ( Turkish Serhad Kulu , servant of the border country , about 'border soldiers'; from Persian سرحد serhad , 'limit'; tr. kul 'servant' , 'servant', 'slave'), also yerli kulu ( yerel 'local' , 'regional') or eyâlet askerleri ( eyâlet 'province' ; asker 'soldier' ) means a part of the army of the Ottoman Empire .

Akıncı lead prisoners into slavery as booty

structure

These provincial feudal troops made up the largest part of the army, they could number up to 250,000 men. The Serratkuli were divided into the units of Anatolia (Anadolu eyaleti) and Rumelia (Rumeli eyaleti). They consisted of infantry and cavalry ( sipahis ). The artillery ( Topçu ) was in the barracks of Anatolia and Rumelia, but was subordinate to the Kapıkulu troops and thus directly to the Sultan. The cavalry troops were recruited from the heavily armed sipahis, the owners of the Tımar fiefs (around 30,000 men), and from the light cavalry (80,000 to 100,000 men) deployed by the Timariots.

The Anatolian troops formed the left wing, the Rumelian troops the right wing in front of the center, the sultan's hill . The respective Beylerbey was in command , the individual units were led by their Sandschakbeys . The personal cavalry of the Beylerbeys and Sandschakbeys, recruited and paid by them, included the Deli (the "daredevils") and the Gönüllü (the "daredevils"), a light cavalry that served as the Beys' bodyguard in the field. Their colonel was the Delibaşı. An irregular infantry also recruited from the provincial population were the Seğbân. In the field, the Serçeşme (the "military leader") was the commander-in-chief of all Seğbân.

The auxiliary troops of the vassal states fought on the outer wings. B. the warriors from Transylvania , the Khanate of Crimea , Moldova , the Principality of Wallachia , etc. With a lead of two to three days, the Renner and Brenner ( Akıncı ) swarmed out as scouts who received no pay and were in enemy territory Robbery, looting and the slave trade lived. However, in 1663, the keeper of the seal, Hasan Ağa, only mentions the Tatars as patrol troops, as does the master of ceremonies of the Sublime Porte in his diary in 1683.

See also

literature

  • Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922. The story of a great power. Weltbild-Verlag, Augsburg 2000, ISBN 3-8289-0336-3 .
  • Hans Miksch: See you at the Golden Apple. Requirements, basics and early development of the Ottoman Empire. In: The struggle of the emperors and caliphs. Vol. 1, Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1986, ISBN 3-7637-5472-5 .
  • Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. A bilateral story. WUV University Press, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85114-479-1 .
  • Erich Prokosch (translator): War and victory in Hungary. The Hungarian campaigns of the Grand Vizier Köprülüzâde Fâzil Ahmed Pascha in 1663 and 1664 based on the “gems of history” of his keeper Hasan Ağa. from the series of Ottoman historians. Vol. 8, Verlag Styria, Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1976, ISBN 3-222-10470-0 .
  • Richard Franz Kreutel (translator): Kara Mustafa in front of Vienna. The Turkish diary of the siege of Vienna in 1683, written by the master of ceremonies of the Sublime Porte. from the series of Ottoman historians. Vol. 1, Verlag Styria, Graz-Vienna-Cologne 1955, first edition.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Miksch: See you at the Golden Apple. Requirements, basics and early development of the Ottoman Empire. In: The struggle of the emperors and caliphs. Vol. 1, Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1986, ISBN 3-7637-5472-5 , table p. 379.
  2. ↑ a b Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. A bilateral story. WUV-Universitätsverlag, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85114-479-1 , p. 84.
  3. ^ Richard Franz Kreutel (translator): Kara Mustafa before Vienna. The Turkish diary of the siege of Vienna in 1683, written by the master of ceremonies of the Sublime Porte. from the series of Ottoman historians. Vol. 1, Verlag Styria, Graz-Vienna-Cologne 1955, first edition, pp. 182,184,192.
  4. ↑ Erich Prokosch: War and Victory in Hungary. The Hungarian campaigns of the Grand Vizier Köprülüzâde Fâzil Ahmed Pascha in 1663 and 1664 based on the “gems of history” of his keeper Hasan Ağa. In: Ottoman historians. Vol. 8, Verlag Styria, Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1976, ISBN 3-222-10470-0 , p. 112ff.
  5. ↑ Erich Prokosch (translator): War and victory in Hungary. The Hungarian campaigns of the Grand Vizier Köprülüzâde Fâzil Ahmed Pascha in 1663 and 1664 based on the “gems of history” of his keeper Hasan Ağa. from the series of Ottoman historians. Vol. 8, Verlag Styria, Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1976, ISBN 3-222-10470-0 , p. 82.