Servizio Informazioni Difesa
The Servizio Informazioni Difesa (SID) was an Italian intelligence service . As the successor to the Servizio Informazioni Forze Armate (SIFAR), it existed from 1965 to 1977.
The SID was officially created in 1965 due to a reform of the Italian General Staff and the Ministry of Defense . The chiefs of the armed forces were deprived of general intelligence services. Only the SIOS military intelligence services (G2 / A2) related to the armed forces remained with them .
organization
During its existence from 1965 to 1977, the SID had an (offensive) intelligence department “R”, an anti-espionage department “D”, a security department “USI” and an evaluation department (situation) “S”.
history
Behind the reform were the coup plans of the previous service, Servizio Informazioni Forze Armate (SIFAR) , which had not yet been revealed by the press in 1965 . In essence, the reform involved renaming SIFAR to SID.
Like its predecessor, the SID was an intelligence service subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, which, in addition to the usual tasks as a foreign intelligence service, also (and above all) had national security tasks at home. In 1977 a comprehensive reform of the intelligence service was carried out in Italy and the services, which had hitherto been rather incoherently organized, were placed on a legally and organizationally clear basis. The new intelligence services:
- Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare (SISMI) (Ministry of Defense)
- Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Democratica (SISDE) ( Ministry of the Interior )
- Comitato Esecutivo per i Servizi di Informazione e di Sicurezza (CESIS) (coordination)
but still largely consisted of old staff, which is why they were still involved in a number of scandals in the 1980s. Little by little, new, young and unencumbered personnel were allowed into the services. Subsequent chiefs of service (especially the long-time director of SISMI, Vice Admiral Fulvio Martini ) were able to end the ideologically based cooperation with the mafia through extensive reforms .
ladder
- General Giovanni Allavena (1966, previously SIFAR boss)
- Admiral Eugenio Henke (1966–1970)
- General Vito Miceli (1970–1974)
- Admiral Mario Casardi (1974–1977)