Shadow Robot Company

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Robot hand by Shadow
The hand is moved in 24 degrees of freedom with artificial muscles.

The Shadow Robot Company is a manufacturer of automation technology from London . The company has been developing components for robots and artificial muscles since 1987 . It has 12 employees and annual sales of £ 350,000 .

Shadow's best-known product is the so-called dextrous hand , a robotic component that is modeled on the human hand. The hand is moved by 40 artificial muscles in 24 degrees of freedom , 20 of which are directly controllable. It weighs 4.2 kg, is 45 cm long, and is powered by McKibben-type pneumatic muscles . The most innovative feature of the hand is represented by a total of 186 integrated force sensors . The development goal of creating a hand with the same characteristics as the human hand was achieved very well. The hand is roughly the same size as its human counterpart and has the same balance of agility and strength. In 2006, the Shadow Hand came closest to the human hand among the hands available at the time.

It is used among others by the NASA , ABB , the University of Bielefeld , the University of Hamburg and the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania. Called the "C6M Robotic Hand," the product retails for $ 190,000 . The dextrous hand is one of the most famous robotic hands .

The production of artificial muscles started in the 1990s. In 2008 the Shadow Robot Company was one of three manufacturers worldwide (alongside Bridgestone and Festo ) who offered pneumatic muscles on the market.

From 1988 the humanoid walking robot Shadow Biped Walker was developed, which has since been discontinued.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b http://www.shadowrobot.com - Shadow Robot Company website
  2. ↑ a b Forge, Simon and Blackman, Colin and Goldberg, Itzhak and Biagi, Federico and others: Comparing Innovation Performance in the EU and the USA: Lessons from Three ICT Sub-Sectors . In: Joint Research Center (Seville site) . 2013 ( jrc.es [PDF]).
  3. ↑ a b Frank Röthling, Robert Haschke, Jochen J. Steil, Helge Ritter: Platform portable anthropomorphic grasping with the bielefeld 20-DOF shadow and 9-DOF TUM hand . In: 2007 IEEE / RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems . October 1, 2007, p. 2951-2956 , doi : 10.1109 / IROS.2007.4398963 .
  4. ↑ Scharfe, Hanno: Physics-based simulator for gripping and manipulation processes with multi-finger robotic hands . In: Diploma thesis, University of Hamburg . 2010 ( uni-hamburg.de [PDF]).
  5. ↑ Wenzlaff, Soeren: Design and construction of a car driving robot . In: Free University of Berlin, diploma thesis . 2012 ( fu-berlin.de [PDF]).
  6. ↑ Anna Kochan: Shadow delivers first hand . In: Industrial Robot: An International Journal . tape 32 , no. 1 , February 1, 2005, ISSN  0143-991X , p. 15-16 , doi : 10.1108 / 01439910510573237 .
  7. ↑ Yoky Matsuoka, Pedram Afshar, Michael Oh: On the design of robotic hands for brain-machine interface . In: Neurosurgical Focus . tape 20 , no. 5 , May 1, 2006, pp. 1-9 , doi : 10.3171 / foc.2006.20.5.4 .
  8. ↑ http://tams-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/projects/handle/
  9. ↑ Vin, Jerry: Robotic fingerspelling hand for the deaf-blind . In: California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo . 2013 ( calpoly.edu ).
  10. ^ Robert Bogue: Flexible and soft robotic grippers: the key to new markets? In: Industrial Robot: An International Journal . tape 43 , no. 3 , May 16, 2016, ISSN  0143-991X , p. 258-263 , doi : 10.1108 / IR-01-2016-0027 .
  11. ↑ Joachim Schröder, Duygun Erol, Kazuhiko Kawamura, Rüdiger Dillman: Dynamic pneumatic actuator model for a model-based torque controller . In: Proceedings 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation for the New Millennium . July 1, 2003, p. 342-347 , doi : 10.1109 / CIRA.2003.1222113 .
  12. ↑ JL Serres, DB Reynolds, CA Phillips, MJ Gerschutz, DW Repperger: Characterization of a phenomenological model for commercial pneumatic muscle actuators . In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering . tape 12 , no. 4 , August 1, 2009, ISSN  1025-5842 , p. 423-430 , doi : 10.1080 / 10255840802654327 .
  13. ↑ Andrikopoulos, Georgios and Nikolakopoulos, Georgios and Manesis, Stamatis: A survey on applications of pneumatic artificial muscles . In: Control & Automation (MED), 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on IEEE . 2011, p. 1439--1446 ( researchgate.net [PDF]).