Shihō nage
Shihō-nage ( Japanese 四方 投 げ ) is a throwing technique ( nage-waza ), which is used in various Japanese martial arts, such as Jiu Jitsu and Aikidō . The following description refers to aikido. The name literally means “throw in all four directions”, but sword throw is the common German name.
Origin of movement
In Aikido, the techniques were derived from the use of the Japanese sword, the katana . After pulling the sword, the tip is held head-on towards the opponent. If movements have already been carried out, the sword is often situationally in another position that is favorable for the subsequent movement.
The Shihō-Nage movement originally included pulling the sword up over the head (see "Jodan position") and cutting downwards in a vertical or diagonal direction. Since the katana is traditionally carried with both hands, right hand on the handle in front, left hand on the end of the handle, both arms are also involved in the movement when performing the Aikidō technique. The four cardinal points denote the possibility that after the first cutting movement, immediate pulling up and repeated cutting is inherent.
Execution with sword or bokken
Pull up to cut
Even when pulling up, different forms of movement can be distinguished depending on the situation and the position of the sword:
- From a position with the tip of the sword pointing forward: straight up with the tip of the sword pointing. The sword is pushed up in a gently pushing motion, not pulled.
- From the same position: pulling the sword up with the handle in the lead. In this form, the sword is pulled up by the handle with priority. Due to the inertia, the tip of the sword is dropped at the same time. Variant 1: When pulling up, the tip of the sword points to the right, both hands firmly grip the handle and are closed. The forearms are parallel. Variant 2: When pulling up, the sword tip points to the left. As a result, the forearms cross each other (Japanese: Juji , German: "Cross")
- From a position in which the sword is on the right side of the body with the point pointing backwards towards the ground ( Waki Gamae ): Throwing the sword upwards , while moving the back, not the blade (see Sankyo technique ) in the direction of movement forwards shows. This can also be done as a blow with the back of the sword.
- From the position with the sword on the left side of the body: The sword is drawn up over the head in a similar way with the leading handle.
In combat, pulling up or tearing the sword is also very useful. With the tip turned to one side, the movement is ideal to avert a blow or cut from above (see Uke nagashi ).
In all variants of the execution, a body rotation ("four cardinal points") is performed, either when pulling up the sword or when making the cut.
Other variants are possible depending on the situation and style.
Execution of the cut
For cutting, the sword is in the Jodan position, ideally centered in the middle, not on the side above the head.
The muscular guided movement receives a lot of energy due to the high weight of the katana, approx. 750 to 1000 g. The cut can be made vertically or diagonally.
To further increase the kinetic energy, the swordsman lets his body fall synchronously with the fall of the sword from the nimble, light-footed stance on the ball of the foot to the entire foot surface and in the deep stance that is dynamically springy in the knees. This gives the fall of the sword the additional energy and mass acceleration of the entire falling body, approx. 70 to 100 kg.
Another variation is the simultaneous rotation of the body on the front stand. The torsion and the dragging of the body gives the downward movement further kinetic energy and additionally increases the impact of the cut.
The diagonal cut through the body of the opponent is called Kesa-Geri : Kesa is the orange sash of the Buddhist monks, which is tied from shoulder to hip.
With Kesa-Geri, Shihō-Nage is probably the movement performed with the greatest potential for failure.
Version without sword or bokken
The technique is carried out in an identical manner without a sword or bokken : the Aikidōka encounters a grip on one or both hands by bringing himself into a position that is favorable for execution by entering and turning.
The technique is initiated by raising your arms. This is done by slightly deflecting the pressure exerted by the opponent on his arms due to his continuous movement. The distraction does not block the movement, but it allows entering the gap and pulling the arms up in the middle and centered over the head. The attacker is tempted to keep the grip, as its initial movement does not change suddenly, but comfortably and within the scope of his own movement.
During the entry movement and the pulling up, the Aikidōka changes the grip and grasps the wrists of the attacker and rotates his body 180 degrees, looking behind the opponent. If performed optimally, this is immediately in a position in which each of his movements leads directly to the throw (Japanese nage ) behind his standing position. If he stops every movement instead, this also leads to the throw, since the Aikidōka is in a more advantageous position.
The effect is that the kinetic energy of the forward movement of the attacker, supported by the slight deflection during the entry movement, is converted into an upward rotation and with the body rotation by 180 degrees is directed into a throwing or cutting movement carried out backwards . The rotation of the Aikidōka's body corresponds to the orientation of the katana "in all four directions". The throw corresponds to the forceful vertical or slightly diagonal cutting movement with the sword.
Variations in execution are possible in all styles of Aikido, but the principles are retained.
Completion of the technique by means of immobilization
Shihō-nage can be transferred into a holding position when performed without a throw.
See also
literature
- A. Westbrook, O. Ratti: Aikido and the dynamic sphere. Tuttle, Rutland VT et al. 1996, ISBN 0-8048-0004-9 .
- Aikidjournal.com encyclopedia, [1]
- Christian Tissier : Aikido fundamental. Techniques et connaissances fondamentales. Budosport Verlag, Noisy-sur-École 2008, ISBN 978-2-84167-239-4 .
- Christian Tissier: Aikido - Principes et applications. Volume 2: Projections. Self-published, s. l. 2005, DVD 55 minutes.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wikibooks Aikido. Retrieved November 14, 2016 .