STOL
STOL is an English Acronym for " S hort T AKE O ff and L anding " - to German : short take-off and -landung . It describes the ability of an aircraft to take off and land over very short distances . STOL however, does not describe the ability of helicopters and whiz , vertically to start or to land. This is known as VTOL , which stands for vertical take off and landing .
The take-off distance is the distance that the machine, which is at a standstill at take-off, needs in calm wind and maximum take-off weight in order to start and to fly over a 15 m high obstacle (height of a five-story house).
Categories
Depending on the length of the route required for take-off (and landing), a distinction is made as follows:
| abbreviation | meaning | Takeoff route | |
|---|---|---|---|
| in feet | in meters | ||
| S TOL | Short | 1000-1500 | 305-457 |
| SS TOL | Super short | 500- 999 | 152-304 |
| IT TOL | Extremely short | <500 | <152 |
use
STOL aircraft were developed for military and civilian purposes from the 1930s onwards.
The Fieseler Storch used by the Luftwaffe in World War II is an example of a pure design STOL aircraft. In individual cases and under favorable conditions such as headwind, a landing can take place on the spot or even in reverse flight. Other examples are the British Westland Lysander and the American Piper L-4 .
Also gyroplane (Autogyro) be included among the STOL aircraft.
After the Second World War, most of the tasks of the STOL aircraft in military use were performed by helicopters . However, because of the long runways that are vulnerable in the event of war, efforts were made at the same time to make jet aircraft less vulnerable through VTOL and STOL. Aircraft such as the high-flyer Harrier and the tornado with swivel blades and jet reversal are still in use today and can also be used from short, improvised runways and field airfields . Jet aircraft like the MiG-29 often have surprisingly short take-off taxi distances for emergencies thanks to their robust landing gear and the thrust of their engines. Another possibility for STOL maneuvers is the use of jump starters, see JATO .
In the civil sector, STOL aircraft are still used because of their economic efficiency. Examples are the Swiss Pilatus PC-6 Porter , the Soviet Antonow An-2 , the German Dornier Do 27 and the Canadian de Havilland Beaver . In the commercial aircraft sector, the Avro RJ100 is sometimes referred to as the STOL aircraft.
So far, the Channelwing technology has received little attention , a few of which have very good ESTOL properties.
List of STOL aircraft
See also
- Slat
- Advanced Medium STOL Transport (AMST): Boeing YC-14
- AMST: McDonnell Douglas YC-15
- SSTOL: Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA)
- SSTOL: Canadair CL-84
- ESTOL: Rockwell-MBB X-31
- ESTOL: VECTOR program (Thrust Vectoring Extremely Short Take-off and Landing, Tailless Operations Research)
