Sigma receptor

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The sigma receptor is a receptor that has so far only been partially understood , of which the subtypes σ 1 and σ 2 are known.

Sigma receptors were initially viewed as a type of opioid receptor (alongside µ and κ receptors) because morphine and its relatives bind to them. The then discovered σ 1 -receptor had only a very low naltrexone affinity, which was not compatible with the expected behavior of opioid receptors. And its structure was not related to that of the "other" opioid receptors. It has also been shown that sigma receptors are triggered by substances that are completely unrelated to opioids, and that the function of the receptors is not related to that of the "other" opioid receptors. One then proceeded to consider sigma receptors as an independent type of receptor.

Today we know that sigma receptors mediate many different effects in the human body and could play a role in many different diseases, such as: B. Alzheimer's , AIDS , psychoses (such as schizophrenia or depression ) and cancer . The sigma-1 receptor is found both on the plasma membrane of the cell and on the endoplasmic reticulum  - there especially on the MAM (mitochondria-associated ER membrane)  - and the nuclear envelope . Sometimes the same receptor can also change its location . 

See also

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ TP Su, TC Su, Y Nakamura: The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pluripotent Modulator in Living Systems . In: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences . 37, No. 4, Apr 2016, pp. 262-278. doi : 10.1016 / j.tips.2016.01.003 . PMID 26869505 . PMC 4811735 (free full text).