Socialisme ou barbarie

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The magazine Socialisme ou barbarie

Socialisme ou barbarie (French for socialism or barbarism ) was a revolutionary organization in France from 1949 to 1967 with an anti-Stalinist-Marxist orientation and borrowings from council communism . The expression “socialism or barbarism” goes back to Rosa Luxemburg .

In 1946 the so-called "Charlieu Montal tendency" (after the respective pseudonyms of Cornelius Castoriadis and Claude Lefort ) was formed within the French Internationalist Communist Party ( parti communiste internationaliste , PCI) and a little later took on the name Socialisme ou barbarie . In 1948 the members of the current left the PCI and broke with its Trotskyist positions, in particular with the idea of ​​the Soviet Union as a “degenerate workers state”. The group then began to publish the magazine of the same name.

Socialisme ou barbarie fought Stalinism in all its forms and developed an anti-dogmatic Marxism . The group viewed the USSR and all so-called socialist countries as state capitalist systems, as societies of exploitation with a new ruling class - the bureaucracy.

The eponymous magazine with the subtitle Organe critique d'orientation révolutionnaire (Critical Organ of Revolutionary Orientation) appeared from 1949 to 1965. Two years later, the group disbanded at Castoriadis' suggestion. Lefort had left the group in 1958 because of political differences.

Guy Debord was a member of the group for a few months in 1960/1961.

literature

Texts from Socialisme ou barbarie

The first four issues of the magazine are digitized, from the Projet de scannerisation de la revue Socialisme ou barbarie . There is no reprint of the magazine, but many articles have been republished under the author's name.

The extensive edition of the SouB writings by Cornelius Castoriadis, together with related and commentary texts, Éditions 10/18 , the Union Générale d'Editions, Paris, appeared in seven volumes from 1973 to 1979 (some in two parts):

  • Volume I; La société bureaucratique. 2 volumes. 1973.
    • Volume 1: Les rapports de production en Russie. 10/18, No. 751.
    • Volume 2: The revolution against the bureaucratie. 10/18, No. 806.

In 1990 a modified new edition appeared in a volume of La société bureaucratique by Christian Bourgeois, Paris.

  • Volume V; L'expérience du mouvement ouvrier. 2 volumes. 1974.
    • Volume 1: Comment Lutter. 10/18, No. 825.
    • Volume 2: Prolétariat et organization. 10/18, No. 857.
  • Volume II; La dynamique du capitalism.
  • Volume III; Capitalism modern et révolution. 2 volumes. 1979.
    • Volume 1: L'impérialisme et la guerre. 10/18, No. 1303.
    • Volume 2: Le mouvement révolutionnaire sous le capitalisme moderne. 10/18, No. 1304.
  • Volume IV; Le contenu du socialisme. 10/18, No. 1331, 1979.
  • Volume VII; La société française. 10/18, No. 1332, 1979.
  • Volume VI was the book L'institution imaginaire de la société. Seuil, Paris 1975.

German editions

  • Cornelius Castoriadis: Socialism or Barbarism. Analyzes and calls for cultural revolutionary change. From the French by Jürgen Hoch. Wagenbach, Berlin 1980.
    • Contents: Preliminary remark ( Thomas Schmid ), pp. 7–8, and the C. Castoriadis texts: Introduction (1972) , pp. 9–52; Socialism or Barbarism , pp. 53–88 and Epilogue to 'Sozialismus oder Barbarei' , pp. 89–90 [ Socialisme ou barbarie , No. 1, March 1949; der Wagenbach Text from: La société bureaucratique , Teilbd. 1, pp. 135-184]; Concept and program of 'Sozialismus oder Barbarei' (1950) , pp. 91-106 [first, abridged, in: Etudes , Brussels, No. 6, October 1960; the W. text after: La société bureaucratique , vol. 2, pp. 395-422]; Proletariat und Organization, 1 (1959) , pp. 107–144 [ SouB , No. 27, April 1959. A second part of the article (not in Wagenbach) in SouB , No. 28]; Beginning the revolution anew (1963) , pp. 145–180 [ SouB , No. 35, January 1964. W. Text after: L'expérience du mouvement ouvrier , vol. 2, pp. 307-365. This text was distributed in the SouB group in March 1963.].
  • Cornelius Castoriadis: From socialism to an autonomous society; About the content of socialism. edition AV, Lich 2007, ISBN 978-3-936049-88-6 .
  • Claude Lefort : L'expérience prolétarienne. SouB, No. 11, November – December 1952, also in:
  • Claude Lefort: Eléments d'une critique de la bureaucratie. Droz, Genève 1971, pp. 34-58; Gallimard, Paris 1979, pp. 71-97.
  • Claude Lefort: L'invention démocratique. Les limits de la domination totalitaire. Fayard, Paris, 1981.
  • Jean-François Lyotard : La guerre des algériens. Écrits 1956–1963, choix de textes et présentation par Mohammed Ramdani. Paris 1989.
  • Edgar Morin : L'homme révolutionné et l'homme révolutionnaire. In: SouB. No. 39, March / April 1965, also in:
  • Edgar Morin: Introduction à une politique de l'homme. Editiond du Seuil, Paris 1965.
    • German under the title: The revolutionary and the revolutionized man. In: Hans-Peter Gente (Ed.): Marxism, Psychoanalysis, Sexpol. Volume 2: Current Discussion. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 160-177.
  • Daniel Mothé (d. I. Jacques Gautrat): Journal d'un ouvrier, 1956–1958. Éditions de Minuit, Paris 1959.
  • Daniel Mothé: Militant chez Renault. Paris 1965.
  • Hugo Bell (d. I. Benno Sternberg): Le stalinisme in Allemagne orientale. SouB, No. 7, August-September 1950, pp. 1-45 and SouB 8, January-February 1951, pp. 3-30; as a book:
  • Benno Sarel (d. I. Benno Sternberg): La classe ouvrière en Allemagne orientale. Éditions Sociales, Paris 1958.
    • Italian edition Turin, 1959. German translation: Benno Sarel: Workers against 'Communism'. Trikont, Munich 1975. New edition: Schwarze Risse, Berlin a. a. 1991.

Interviews

  • Cornelius Castoriadis: An interview. In: Telos. No. 23, 1975.
  • An interview with Claude Lefort. In: Telos. No. 30, 1976.
  • From the split of 'Socialisme ou Barbarie' break with ICO. A critique of avant-gardism. Conversation with Henri Simon. In: Archives for the history of resistance and work. No. 16, 2001, pp. 379-406.
  • Conversation with Daniel Mothé. In: Archives for the history of resistance and work. No. 16, 2001, pp. 407-416.

Secondary literature

  • Andrea Gabler: The despotism of the factory and the semblance of freedom. Evidence from everyday Fordist work, collected by “Socialisme ou Barbarie”. In: Archive for the history of resistance and work 16, 2001, ISSN  0936-1014 , pp. 349–378, online at workerscontrol.net .
  • Andrea Gabler: Anticipated Autonomy. On the theory and practice of the “Socialisme ou Barbarie” group (1949–1967). Offizin, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-930345-64-9 .
  • Philippe Gottraux: “Socialisme ou barbarie”. Un engagement politique et intellectuel dans la France de l'après-guerre. Édition Payot, Lausanne 1997, ISBN 2-601-03219-7 ( Sciences politiques et sociales ).
  • Stephen Hastings-King: Fordism and the Marxist revolutionary project. A History of Soocialisme ou Barbarie. Part 1. Dissertation. Cornell University, 1998.
  • Stephen Hastings-King: About the passage of some people through a fairly short unit of time. The Situationist International, Socialisme ou barbarie and the crisis of the Marxist imaginary. In: Roberto Ohrt (Ed.): Das Grosse Spiel. The situationists between politics and art. Edition Nautilis, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-89401-349-4 , pp. 61-10.
  • Harald Wolf: Start the revolution again. About Cornelius Castoriadis and “Socialisme ou Barbarie”. In: Archive for the history of resistance and work 15, 1998, ISSN  0936-1014 , pp. 69–112.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Luxembourg: The Crisis of Social Democracy (Junius brochure). Berlin, Hoffmann 1916; again in Politische Schriften 2, ed. Ossip K. Flechtheim, European Publishing House , Frankfurt 1966 a. ö., pp. 47-133; again in Gesammelte Werke 4 (6th revised edition), Karl Dietz, Berlin 2000, pp. 51–164; on-line