Bottom loader

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A bottom loader , also known as a lowering machine , bottom loader or long- haul loader , is a mining tool that is used to extract the bottom rock that has swelled up by the rock pressure.

Basics

Bottom loader

Because of the higher rock pressure and the growing Durchbauungsgrades of deposits occurs in mining underground to the fact that the routes the sole high swells. This swollen rock must be removed by means of sinking . The bottom loader is an ideal tool for this.

Electrically operated bottom loader

construction

Bottom loaders consist of individual assemblies that are designed according to the modular principle. This means that the machine can be easily dismantled for transport and can be assembled underground with little effort. So that they can be used in confined spaces, attention was paid to small dimensions in their construction.

In detail, the loader consists of the following assemblies:

  • Middle part
  • Undercarriages (2 pieces)
  • Boom (swivel arm)
  • Loader bucket

In the middle part there is an explosion-proof electric motor that drives a hydraulic pump, as well as various control valves . The hydraulic pump is driven by the motor and the hydraulic fluid is brought to an operating pressure of up to 130 bar . Pressure peaks of up to 230 bar are also possible. The trolleys are mounted as in other loaders, the side of the central part and each driving a track. The boom is movably mounted at the front of the middle section. The extension arm can be advanced hydraulically by about one meter. There are loaders in which the extension arm is provided with an integrated quick-change device. A loader bucket with a capacity of 200 to 400 liters is attached to the boom. Due to the quick-change device integrated in the extension arm, it is possible to equip the loader with another bucket without spending a lot of time. The changeover takes about an hour. The lowering loader can then also be used as a side tipping loader . The sinker bucket is equipped with hydraulically driven chisels, which are integrated into the tip of the bucket. The chisels can be used to chop larger pieces of mountain. In the back of the loader shovel there is a hydraulically operated slide with which the contents of the shovel can be pushed out of the shovel.

function

The lowering loader is supplied with electrical energy via a so-called tow rope , which is a special cable which is particularly protected by mechanical armoring made of steel mesh and is therefore very robust. The towing cable also contains the control line and a special monitoring line that interrupts the power supply if the towing cable is torn from the junction box. This type of construction is mandatory in hazardous locations for safety reasons. When the lower loader's electric motor is switched on, it drives a hydraulic pump that generates the necessary operating pressure. All functions of the loader are operated hydraulically by means of several control valves.

service

The loader driver has 4 pedals and up to 6 hand levers at his disposal. With the pedals he can steer each chassis individually forwards or backwards. The swivel arm and the shovel movements are operated with the hand levers. There is also a lever to operate the chisel teeth on the loader bucket. There is an emergency stop switch at the rear of the loader with which the loader can be switched off immediately in an emergency. The lowering loader may only be operated by specially trained people. So that the tow rope cannot be damaged when reversing, it must be guided by a second man. Wherever it is feasible, a separate overhead monorail (EHB) rail line or the EHB rail of the means of transport can be used for the cable guide.

Air-operated bottom sinkloaders

Compressed air-operated bottom loaders are constructed in a similar way to electrically operated bottom loaders. The operation of an air-operated bottom loader is similar to that of an electrically operated bottom loader. However, compressed air is used to supply energy. For this purpose, the lowering loader must be supplied with the necessary compressed air from the underground compressed air network using a special compressed air hose. Another difference is that some functions are operated using compressed air. Since the production of compressed air is very expensive, these lowering loaders are rarely used.

hazards

Lower loader in one track

Since bottom loaders often operate in very confined spaces, improper handling can lead to serious accidents. In dismantling or in conveyor lines, they are often used next to and under a belt system. Measures must be taken here to prevent contact between the loader bucket and the conveyor. Otherwise the loader shovel could be caught by the belt during emptying and the loader could be dragged along.

Another source of danger is the immediate area around the lowering loader. If the lowering loader is in operation, no one may enter this area without first consulting the lowering loader driver. Due to the narrowness often found in lowering sections and due to the swivel range of the lowering loader, serious accidents could otherwise occur in which a miner is squeezed between the loader and the extension .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  2. ↑ HAZEMAG charging and lowering technology ( Memento from January 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hazemag bottom loader EL 160 becomes an all-rounder. In: Hossein H. Tudeshi (Ed.) AMS Online GmbH: Advanced Mining Solutions. 2010, No. 1, pp. 98-99
  4. ↑ a b Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974, pp. 214–217.
  5. ↑ a b c d Side tipper type K 311 with attachments . In: Deilmann-Haniel GmbH. (Ed.): Our company, company magazine for the companies of the Deilmann-Haniel Group. No. 18, printed by A. Hellendoorn (Bentheim), Dortmund-Kurl December 1976, pp. 16-17
  6. ^ A b c L. Gebhardt, M. Mitze, J. Reichel: Flame-resistant hydraulic fluids. Final technical report of the coal mining association / mining research GmbH in Essen. In: Commission of the European Communities (ed.): Forschungshefte coal, Luxembourg 1974, pp. 43–48.
  7. ↑ Crawler loader type K 311 . In: Deilmann-Haniel GmbH. (Ed.): Our company, company magazine for the companies of the Deilmann-Haniel Group. No. 15, printed by A. Hellendoorn (Bentheim), Dortmund-Kurl February 1975, pp. 20-21
  8. ↑ Information board of the Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Sprockhövel eV Senklader ( Memento from October 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Up-to- date safety information: Heap work with lowering loaders ( Memento from June 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive )

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