Sleeping sharks
| Sleeping sharks | ||||||||||||
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Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Somniosidae | ||||||||||||
| Jordan , 1888 |
The sleeping sharks (Somniosidae, from Latin : "Somnium" = dream) are a family of small to very large sharks from the order of the dogfish-like (Squaliformes).
They live in all oceans from the Arctic Ocean to the Antarctic Ocean , in the tropics and temperate zones mostly on continental slopes , more rarely in the open ocean, in the Arctic Ocean and in the Antarctic Ocean also on the continental shelf .
features
The sleeping sharks have two, mostly stingless dorsal fins ; if there are spines then they are small and present on both fins. Most species have luminous organs and only reach lengths of 68 centimeters to 1.40 meters. The largest species , the Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ), is up to 7.40 meters long.
Systematics
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There are five genera and 17 species:
- Genus: Centroscymnus (Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864)
- Portuguese dogfish ( Centroscymnus coelolepis (Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864) )
- Velvet thorn shark ( Centroscymnus crepidater (Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864) )
- Centroscymnus macracanthus (Regan, 1906)
- Centroscymnus owstoni (Garman, 1906)
- Genus: Scymnodalatias (Garrick, 1956)
- White-tailed dogfish ( Scymnodalatias albicauda (Taniuchi & Garrick, 1986) )
- Azores dogfish ( Scymnodalatias garricki (Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988) )
- Little-toothed dogfish ( Scymnodalatias oligodon (Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988) )
- Sherwood dogfish ( Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1921) )
- Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1921)
- Genus: Scymnodon (Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864)
- Japanese velvet thornfish ( Scymnodon ichiharai Yano & Tanaka, 1984 )
- Scymnodon plunketi (Waite, 1910)
- Knife-toothed dogfish ( Scymnodon ringens (Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864) )
- Genus: Somniosus (Lesueur, 1818)
- Southern sleeping shark ( Somniosus antarcticus ) Whitley, 1939
- Somniosus longus (Tanaka, 1912)
- Greenland shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
- Pacific sleeping shark ( Somniosus pacificus (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944) )
- Small sleeping shark ( Somniosus rostratus (Risso, 1827) )
- Genus: Zameus (Jordan & Fowler, 1903)
- Samtdornfisch ( Zameus squamulosus (Günther, 1877) )
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- White, WT, Vaz, DFB, Ho, H.-C., Ebert, DA, Carvalho, MRd, Corrigan, S., Rochel, E., Carvalho, Md, Tanaka, S. & Naylor, GJP (2014): Redescription of Scymnodon ichiharai Yano and Tanaka 1984 (Squaliformes: Somniosidae) from the western North Pacific, with comments on the definition of somniosid genera. Ichthyological Research, October 15, 2014. DOI: 10.1007 / s10228-014-0430-y
Web links
- Sleeping sharks on Fishbase.org (English)
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System Somniosidae