Spading machine

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The spading machine is an agricultural implement for cultivating the soil . It is mainly used in horticulture , tree nurseries or viticulture .

It is used to loosen the soil, similar to a hand spade , and is used in the course of seedbed preparation , also as an alternative to the plow . The first attempts to mechanize digging with a spade in this way were made as early as the 19th century at the time of steam propulsion.

Structure and way of working

Spading machine, rotating

The working widths of spading machines are between 60 and 300 cm, depending on the area of ​​application, with a large working width for fields and a correspondingly smaller working width for small beds. Depending on the design of the device, the working depth can be 25 to 65 cm. Spading machines are attached to the tractor by means of a three-point suspension (see three-point hydraulics ) and operated via the PTO shaft . Your working speed is between 2 and 4 km / h. The soil is loosened and roughly crumbled with spading machines, but not completely turned over and cut off from the subsoil as with plowing. A distinction is made between two basic types of construction: rotating and piercing-throwing.

Spading machine, piercing and throwing

Rotating spading machine

Spade-shaped knives that are offset from one another are located on a horizontal shaft across the working direction. These rotate similarly to a milling machine . It is possible that a smear horizon can develop in the soil.

Stinging and throwing spading machine

In this type, the spades are attached to a cranked (bent) shaft so that they pierce the ground almost vertically and throw it backwards against a baffle plate.

advantages

The following advantages, especially compared to plowing, are given:

  • no compaction of the plow sole , as there is no plow furrow
  • low risk of erosion : with plow furrows, especially in the case of cultivation along the slope, which is often necessary in viticulture, there is a high risk of topsoil being washed away in them
  • Deep loosening possible
  • Processing of both wet and hard, dry soil is possible
  • Since the soil to be loosened is not cut off from the sub-floor, the water and air flow in the soil are retained
  • the tractor only needs to develop a low tractive effort, since the device is operated via the power take-off shaft, and consequently only little slip of the tractor wheels
  • Sharp-edge processing of narrow or fenced properties is possible

Because of the advantages mentioned, soil cultivation with spading machines is also considered to be gentle on the soil.

disadvantage

The disadvantages are:

  • Separate working method: leads to the machine shaking, which is transferred to the tractor (ergonomically unfavorable)
  • lower area coverage compared to the plow
  • Compared to the plow, higher purchase price and higher costs for wear repairs due to the many moving parts and the more complex construction
  • prone to repair
  • With rotating construction, a slum horizon can arise
  • only rough crumbs due to larger clods than when plowing
  • partially unsatisfactory incorporation of crop residues or manure

Manufacturer

Spading machines are manufactured by:

  • Bärtschi-FOBRO AG
  • Cellos
  • Dröppelmann Agrartechnik GmbH
  • Falc
  • Farmax
  • Gramegna
  • Imants
  • Selvatici
  • Sicma (Miglianico)
  • Tortella

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Krombholz: 100 years of agricultural engineering. DLG-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 9783769007374 , p. 97.
  2. ↑ a b c Prof. Dr. Christoph Wonneberger et al .: Vegetable growing. 1st edition, Ulmer-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2004, ISBN 9783800139859 , p. 46. With schematic illustration.
  3. ↑ a b c Frahm, BGJ Agrarwirtschaft, 4th edition, Verlag Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1991, ISBN 3-8001-1049-0 , p. 121.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Martin Degen u. Karl Schrader: Basic knowledge of gardeners. 1st edition, Ulmer-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2002, ISBN 9783800111886 , p. 158.
  5. ↑ a b Erwin Kadisch, Edgar Müller: The winemaker: textbook and workbook. 2. completely rework. Edition 1999, Ulmer-Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 9783800112166 , p. 406/407.
  6. ^ Norbert Müller (ed.): The gardener / ornamental plant cultivation, cemetery gardening, sales. 1st edition 2005, Ulmer-Verlag Stuttgart, ISBN 9783800111923 , p. 99.

literature

  • Wolfgang Kawollek: Successful gardener examination . Ulmer-Verlag, 1st edition 2007, ISBN 9783800153183

Web links

Commons : Spading Machines  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files