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The Sperr-Kreis was a civil resistance group against National Socialism in Bavaria , which was named after the former Bavarian ambassador in Berlin Franz Sperr .

The circle comprised about 66 members. The aim of the resistance group was to set up a "rescue organization" for the time after the fall of the "Third Reich" in Bavaria. His leadership consisted of Franz Sperr as well as the former Weimar ministers and former DDP members Otto Geßler and Eduard Hamm . You were in contact with the Bavarian Crown Prince Rupprecht at an early stage , who, in the event of a collapse, would take the lead in Bavaria as an integrating figure. In order to restore security and order, contact was made with suitable personalities from the military, police, judiciary, administration and business. In the course of the Second World War , the district took up contact with western countries and other resistance groups. So he got caught up in the unsuccessful assassination attempt of July 20, 1944 , as a result of which his leading figures were arrested. Sperr was executed and Hamm lost his life in prison. But the majority of the former members of the group survived the war and participated in the reconstruction and the return to the rule of law.

literature

  • Wolfgang Hardtwig : The Weimar Democrat Eduard Hamm 1879-1944. Personal profile and political action between the empire and the resistance . In: Ders., German history culture in the 19th and 20th centuries . Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-486-72461-5 , pp. 313-356.
  • Wolfgang Hardtwig: Freedom of the bourgeoisie in Germany. The Weimar Democrat Eduard Hamm between the Empire and the Resistance . Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2018 (= Zeithistorische Impulse , Volume 14), ISBN 978-3-515-12094-4 .
  • Peter Hoffmann : Resistance, Coup, Assassination. The fight of the opposition against Hitler. Piper, Munich 1969, 4th edition 1985, ISBN 3-492-00718-X .
  • Manuel Limbach: Eduard Hamm - A Weimar Liberal in the resistance against National Socialism . In: Jahrbuch zur Liberalismus-Forschung 23 (2011), pp. 241–255.
  • Manuel Limbach: The Sperr-Kreis. Bavarian resistance to National Socialism? In: Rafaela Hiemann / Christoph Studt (eds.), "Neither superfluous nor inferior". New research on resistance in the »Third Reich«, Augsburg 2016 (= series of publications by the Research Association July 20, Volume 18 ), pp. 121–138.
  • Manuel Limbach: Citizens against Hitler. Prehistory, structure and work of the Bavarian »Sperr-Kreis«. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2019 (= series of publications by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Volume 102), ISBN 978-3-525-31071-7 .
  • Dieter J. Weiß : Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria (1869–1955). A political biography. Pustet, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7917-2047-0 .

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